城乡交错带土地利用研究——以芜湖市为例

城乡交错带是城市扩展和农村发展的前沿,也是统筹城乡关系的重点地区。选择芜湖市城乡交错带为研究区域,利用2004年土地利用数据分析了芜湖市城乡交错带地域土地利用的现状和存在的主要问题及其原因,探讨了2006年辖区调整后该地域土地利用的对策与措施。     

城乡用地结构与布局优化研究——以黄山市为例

优化城乡用地结构与布局是实施统筹城乡发展、建立和谐社会的重要内容。选取黄山市城乡用地为研究对象,从数量、布局等方面分析了城乡建设用地现状及存在的问题,提出相应的优化城乡建议和对策,为新农村建设和土地利用总体规划的修编提供参考。     

基于动态指标的城乡交错带范围界定方法研究——以北京市平原区为例

城乡交错带范围的界定是研究城乡交错带土地利用问题的基础.探讨了一种基于动态指标为主,辅以静态指标验证的城乡交错带范围的界定方法,提出了关于城乡交错带土地利用动态度变化趋势的规律性假设,在此基础上分析研究区不同时期TM影像的解译结果,提取出土地利用动态变化度,借鉴断裂点法找出突变点,划出城乡交错带的内缘和外缘,确定城乡交错带范围,并借助景观多样性指数和斑块体的分维数等静态指标对结果进行检验.     

基于GIS的芜湖市城市用地扩展规律

利用芜湖市1990年、2000年两个时相的遥感影像进行城市土地利用解译,提取城市新、旧建成区区块用地,通过GIS软件提供的空间统计分析功能,对城市用地空间分布进行定量分析与描述,从而揭示城市用地及其扩展规律.研究结果表明,芜湖市用地扩展呈现明显中心圈层式蔓延和轴向集中性扩展规律的模式.作者提出了城市用地扩展中应注意解决的问题.     

城市旅游用地规划初探——以黄山市屯溪区为例

旅游用地是土地利用分类中的特殊用地部分,旅游用地有原生性、利用复合性和功能延伸性等特点,城市旅游用地比名胜旅游用地更具复合性,当前土地的集约利用、合理利用关系到整个国家经济发展的可持续性.从城市旅游用地的合理利用角度出发,通过对著名旅游城市黄山市的中心城区--屯溪区的旅游用地现状分析,探讨了屯溪区旅游用地的空间结构和分区的功能优化,以促进其城市旅游的快速、持续、健康发展.     

安庆市对外服务能力发展分析——基于城市经济活动基本部分扩展的视角

城市的全部经济活动可分为基本活动部分和非基本活动部分.城市的基本活动部分是城市对外服务部分,也是城市发展的主要内部驱动力.以安庆市为例,以2001-2007年城市经济活动基本部分的扩展为切入点,用城市经济活动基本部门从业人数的扩展描述城市外向功能量的发展,再用城市流强度量化城市对外服务功能.结果表明,安庆市近几年对外服务能力呈明显增长态势,城市经济活动基本部分的扩展决定了城市对外服务能力的增长,并且城市第二产业的对外服务能力较强.     

聊城市城市生态用地开发与利用研究

城市生态用地是城市中重要的自然组分，对维持城市生态系统的持续、稳定和发展有积极作用。在介绍城市生态用地的基础上，将城市生态用地划分为2大类、4个亚类，并简单介绍了城市生态用地的服务功能，最后以山东聊城市中心城区为例，对城市生态用地的开发与利用作了具体分析。     

生态文明视角下的“多规”空间优化布局研究—以泰州市姜堰区为例

本文结合国家新型城镇化、生态文明建设战略,从生态文明的视角探讨"多规合一"的空间优化布局体系。在分析生态文明与"多规合一"关系、姜堰区城乡空间发展现状与存在问题的基础上,从发展与保护协调、布局与功能配套、集约与生态并重等方面指出生态文明对"多规"空间布局的要求,进而提出生态导向的"多规合一"空间布局的总体思路,从资源环境承载力、社会经济发展评价、发展趋势与区域协调等方面分析空间发展条件,进而确定空间管控分区和要素布局体系,以及其他规划与"多规合一"空间的衔接。以姜堰区为例,探索可持续的城乡空间格局构建、城镇建设用地集约利用、生态底线控制等具体策略。     

合肥市近19年来土地利用格局的时空变化分析

利用Landsat TM、ETM 、CBERS—2资源卫星数据,采用基于知识型光谱特性的增强与人机交互解译相结合的方法,提取了合肥市1987年、2000年和2006年土地利用类型的专题信息。利用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法,分析了合肥市近19年来的土地利用变化特征。结果表明:①在整个阶段—耕地减少了23.38%,建设用地增加了61.26%;城镇用地新增速度最快,且新增速率远大于转移速率,属高速扩张型;②区内最"敏感"的类型是交通用地,其新增速率在两个阶段分别达到1.64和1.62,远高于其它的类型;④从城市扩展的方向上看,合肥城市的发展主要以西南部、南部和东部为主,西南部最为明显;城市已经形成以老城区为核心,向东、北、西南三翼伸展,形成"南进—东拓—西缓—北抑"的空间发展布局。     

决策树法在城乡用地综合分区中的应用研究——以煤矿资源型城市凤台县为例

针对城乡用地供需矛盾日益突出的现状,以合理划分城乡用地为目标,对城乡用地综合分区的相关方法进行梳理,提出基于决策树的城乡用地综合分区理论体系,构建在GIS技术平台的支持下对限定性因子和非限定性因子分别进行评价的方法。在此基础上,以安徽省凤台县为例,采用决策树法对煤矿资源城市进行综合分区,并对研究结果进行分析和评价,该方法可为未来资源型城市用地综合分区的实际应用提供参考。     

Managing the adverse thermal effects of urban development in a densely populated Chinese city

Guangzhou city in South China has experienced an accelerated urban development since the 1980s. This paper examines the impact of the urban development on urban heat islands through a historical analysis of urban-rural air temperature differences. Remote sensing techniques were applied to derive information on land use/cover and land surface temperatures and to assess the thermal response patterns of land cover types. The results revealed an overriding importance of urban land cover expansion in the changes in heat island intensity and surface temperature patterns. Urban development was also related to a continual air temperature increase in the 1980s and 1990s. The combined use of satellite-derived vegetation and land cover distributions with land surface temperature maps provides a potential useful tool for many planning applications. The city's greening campaigns and landscaping designs should consider the different cooling effects of forest, shrubs and grassy lawns for temperature control and should plant more tall trees.     

The use of GIS for monitoring and predicting urban growth in east and west St Paul,Winnipeg, Manitoba,Canada

Most urban growth in Canada occurs in the urban-rural fringe. The increasing dispersal of the Canadian urban population is due to centrifugal forces pulling urbanites past the suburbs into the surrounding exurban communities. Most Canadian urban centres are located on prime agricultural land. Exurban sprawl devours an inordinate amount of the better agricultural land. The growth around the city of Winnipeg is a case in point. Within Winnipeg's urban field are the rural municipalities of East and West St Paul. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of urban growth on the agricultural land of these RMs as well as the rate of urban growth in both Municipalities based on database analysis using aerial photographs taken in 1960 and 1989 and Geographic Information System (GIS). East St Paul was found to have a higher rate of urbanization (from 10.14% to 43.75%) between 1960 and 1989 than West St Paul (from 7.36% to 23.57%). The growth prediction using Markov probability chain analysis showed that East St Paul will henceforth experience a reduced rate of increase than West St Paul. The rate of urbanization for both RMs is found to be comparable with areas surrounding other major cities such as Toronto. The largest increases in urban land use categories occurred in and around the existing exurban settlements. It was found that most urbanization take place on the most fertile soil.     

Governing Change: Land-Use Change and the Prevention of Nonpoint Source Pollution in the North Coastal Basin of California

Many rural areas in the United States and throughout much of the postindustrial world are undergoing significant ecological, socioeconomic, and political transformations. The migration of urban and suburban dwellers into rural areas has led to the subdivision of large tracts of land into smaller parcels, which can complicate efforts to govern human–environmental problems. Non-point source (NPS) pollution from private rural lands is a particularly pressing human–environmental challenge that may be aggravated by changing land tenure. In this article, I report on a study of the governance and management of sediment (a common NPS pollutant) in the North Coastal basin of California, a region undergoing a transition from traditional extractive and agricultural land uses to rural residential and other alternative land uses. I focus on the differences in the governance and management across private timber, ranch, residential, vacation, and other lands in the region. I find that (1) the stringency and strength of sediment regulations differ by land use, (2) nonregulatory programs tend to target working landscapes, and (3) rural residential landowners have less knowledge of sediment control and report using fewer sediment-control techniques than landowners using their land for timber production or ranching. I conclude with an exploration of the consequences of these differences on an evolving rural landscape.     

土地利用总体规划修编重点与难点问题探讨

土地利用总体规划是国民经济和社会发展规划的重要组成部分,是统筹城乡建设、加强土地管理的基础,是实现世界上最严格的耕地保护制度的基本手段。在新一轮土地利用总体规划修编之际,对上轮规划存在的主要问题从宏观层面上进行了分析与探讨,有助于新一轮规划的科学编制和有效实施。简要介绍了规划修编的背景,并对本轮规划修编的网上调查结果进行了分析。通过回顾和分析上一轮土地利用总体规划实施过程中存在的主要问题,提出本轮规划修编应以统筹城乡发展、加强部门协调、促进节约集约、合理增加弹性、提高公众参与等为理念,并就本轮规划的重点与难点方面提出了建设性的意见和建议。     

济南市农村居民点用地分析及节约利用对策

随着城市化水平的提高以及城市规模的扩大，耕地日趋减少，城市用地需求量不断增加，用地矛盾加剧。通过对济南市农村居民点用地现状分析，指出了农村居民点用地存在的问题，土地利用程度低、土地资源浪费是农村居民点用地普遍存在的现象。在当前建设节约型社会的形势下，从提高土地利用程度等方面提出了节约用地的措施，指出平原地区是今后土地利用的重点；采取合理的经济措施，是解决农村居民点用地流转的新途径。     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland, Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue--primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: Perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland,Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue—primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

全域土地综合整治背景下的乡村“三生空间”治理路径——以山水乡旅乡村振兴示范走廊为例

全域土地综合整治是土地整治的发展演变与创新探索，是生态文明背景下缓解土地资源供需矛盾、推进农用地、建设用地集约高效利用，强化生态空间保护与修复的重要手段。三生空间涵盖了乡村发展所需的空间类型，成为推动生态文明建设、优化国土空间格局、实施乡村振兴战略的载体。着力探讨全域土地综合整治与三生空间逻辑关系，并以全域土地综合整治为手段，探索新时期乡村三生空间治理路径，提出以全域整治盘活存量用地、建立用地指标纵向传导体系、强化生态全要素修复和注重“人-地-财-社区”的制度保障设计等规划策略，以期达到优化乡村空间布局、促进资源要素流动，推动全域全要素精细化管理的目的，以期为同类地区乡村发展提供新思路。     

Characteristics of Urban Natural Areas Influencing Winter Bird Use in Southern Ontario,Canada

Characteristics of urban natural areas and surrounding landscapes were identified that best explain winter bird use for 28 urban natural areas in southern Ontario, Canada. The research confirms for winter birds the importance of area (size) and natural vegetation, rather than managed, horticultural parkland, within urban natural areas as well as percent urban land use and natural habitat in surrounding landscapes. Alien bird density and percent ground feeding species increased with percent surrounding urban land use. Higher percent forest cover was associated with higher percentages of forest, bark feeding, small (<20 g) and insectivorous species. Natural area size (ha) was related to higher species richness, lower evenness and higher percentages of insectivorous, forest interior, area-sensitive, upper canopy, bark feeding, and non-resident species. Higher number of habitat types within natural areas and percent natural habitat in surrounding landscapes were also associated with higher species richness. Common, resident bird species dominated small areas (<6.5 ha), while less common non-residents increased with area, indicative of a nested distribution. Areas at least 6.5 ha and more generally >20 ha start to support some area-sensitive species. Areas similar to rural forests had >25% insectivores, >25% forest interior species, >25% small species, and <5% alien species. Indicator species separated urban natural areas from rural habitats and ordination placed urban natural areas along a gradient between urban development and undisturbed, rural forests. More attention is needed on issues of winter bird conservation in urban landscapes.