题武夷风景照

在这边岸上,所能见到的几棵正在发荣滋长的樟树,和树荫下的青草(那草间有蚂蚁和蚱蜢吗?)不论是雨天、晴天,即使有风吹过,树影和青草都在抖动,可都只有一个欲望:——执意固定在这一块土地上,在这边的岸上……在那边岸上,我们所能眺望的     

资讯

中华环保联合会成立本刊讯4月22日,中华环保联合会成立大会暨首届环境与发展中国论坛在北京国际会议中心召开。中华环保联合会是经中华人民共和国国务院批准、民政部注册、国家环保总局主管,由热心环保事业的人士、企业、事业单位自愿结成的、非营利性的、全国性的社会组织。中华环保联合会的宗旨是围绕实施可持续发展战略,围绕实现国家环境与发展的目标,围绕维护公众和社会环境权益,充分体现中华环保联合会"大中华、大环境、大联合"的组织优势,发挥政府与社会之间的桥梁和纽带作用,促进中国环境事业发展,推动全人类环境事业的进步。     

峨眉山受威胁植物优先保护评价

1 环境条件与进化背景峨眉山位于四川盆地西南,东经103°29′,北纬29°30′。属中亚热带山地季风气候区。从山脚至山顶高程变化为海拔。550～3099m,山体水平面积仅约200km~2。由于古地质、地理和古气候复杂而深刻的历史渊源,使多种植物区系成份交汇于此。特别是北温带、东亚、东亚-北美及亚洲热带成份在这座不大的     

中华猕猴桃与软枣猕猴桃种间杂交亲本的筛选北大核心

为筛选中华猕猴桃(A.chinensis Planch.var.chinensis)与软枣猕猴桃(A.argute(Sieb.&Zucc)Planch.ex Miq.)种间杂交亲本,对两类猕猴桃进行染色体倍性测定、物候期调查和果实感官品质、主要营养成分、耐藏性评价。结果表明:①软枣猕猴桃均为四倍体,中华猕猴桃既有四倍体又有二倍体。②两类猕猴桃的萌芽期、展叶期、花期接近,但软枣猕猴桃果实成熟期和休眠期较中华猕猴桃早。③两类猕猴桃果实感官评价指标呈现差异,中华猕猴桃单果重和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于软枣猕猴桃。④受试材料中,HN-AA-03067的VC含量最高,‘魁绿’可溶性糖含量和糖酸比最高,‘金实1号’耐藏性最好。     

转基因食品安全评价及其市场前景

介绍了转基因食品的分类和来源,探讨了转基因食品的价值、潜在威胁以及目前世界各国对转基因食品的安全评价与监督管理,分析了转基因食品的市场前景。总体看,转基因食品的市场前景非常广阔。     

华夏文明:现代化的另一种模式——探寻世界文明的中国文化资源

公元第一个一千年,中国创立了华夏文化圈,文言文、儒家思想、家族与政治伦理、太学与科举制度、统一货币、土地制度与税制等使整个东亚与部分东南亚地区实现了一体化。公元第二个一千年,中国文化转动世界,不仅启发了西方的现代化,而且准备了东亚现代化的文化资源。中国自身也在经历了衰落与磨难之后,终于在第三个一千年开始的时候迎来了伟大的复兴,这昭示了西方模式之外的世界现代化的另一种模式。     

从微生物指标中看我国肉类食品安全状况

从食品微生物指标：菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌三项入手，对我国肉类食品的微生物指标检测情况及其产品质量进行分析。在我国政府的有力监管下，肉类食品产品质量与安全有了大幅度提高。由此展望，21世纪，绿色肉类产品由于其健康、质量、安全、方便将成为消费主流和今后的发展趋势。     

中国湿地锐减危及濒危鸟类迁徙

<正>日前,保尔森基金会、中国国家林业局和中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所合作发布的中国滨海湿地保护管理战略研究报告表明,东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙路线上水鸟种群锐减的主要原因之一,就是因为中国滨海湿地的持续减少。据了解,全球9条候鸟迁徙路线中,穿过22个国家的东亚—澳大利西亚路线是其中最重要的一条。每年有492种约5000万只水鸟往返于该路线,其中246种在中国     

第二届东亚峰会清洁能源论坛倡议共建绿色能源网络

<正>第二届东亚峰会清洁能源论坛18日在海口市召开。论坛提出了"探索建立绿色能源网络"的倡议,以促进本地区能源基础设施互联互通,推进清洁能源开发。国家能源局副局长张玉清在论坛上表示,东亚是世界经济最具活力的地区之一,也是全球重要的能源消费市场和生产基地。通过能源合作,域内国家间的联系更加紧密。作为东亚峰会机制的成员,     

刺猬肉的营养成分及其品质评价

本文对野生动物刺猬的肉质营养成分及其品质进行了理化与感官检验。结果表明,刺猬肉的感官指标良好,其品质与营养成分可与常用动物媲美;油脂与常用动植物油脂相比,脂肪酸不饱和程度明显高于动物油脂,与多种植物油相当     

Microbial response to heavy metal-polluted soils: community analysis from phospholipid-linked fatty acids and ester-linked fatty acids extracts

Heavy metal pollution of soil is of concern for human health and ecosystem function. The soil microbial community should be a sensitive indicator of metal contamination effects on bioavailability and biogeochemical processes. Simple methods are needed to determine the degree of in situ pollution and effectiveness of remediating metal-contaminated soils. Currently, phospholipid-linked fatty acids (PLFAs) are preferred for microbial profiling but this method is time consuming, whereas direct soil extraction and transesterification of total ester-linked fatty acids (ELFAs) is attractive because of its simplicity. The 1998 mining acid-metal spill of >4000 ha in the Guadiamar watershed (southwestern Spain) provided a unique opportunity to study these two microbial lipid profiling methods. Replicated treatments were set up as nonpolluted, heavy metal polluted and reclaimed, and polluted soils. Inferences from whole community-diversity analysis and correlations of individual fatty acids with metals suggested Cu, Cd, and Zn were the most important in affecting microbial community structure, along with pH. The microbial stress marker, monounsaturated fatty acids, was significantly lower for reclaimed and polluted soil over nonpolluted soils for both PLFA and ELFA extraction. Another stress marker, the monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio, only showed this for the PLFA. The general fungal marker (18:2omega6c), the arbuscule mycorrhizae marker (16:1omega5c), and iso- and anteiso-branched PLFAs (gram positive bacteria) were suppressed with increasing pollution whereas 17:0cy (gram negative bacteria) increased with metal pollution. For both extraction methods, richness and diversity were greater in nonpolluted soils and lowest in polluted soils. The ELFA method was sensitive for reflecting metal pollution on microbial communities and could be suitable for routine use in ecological monitoring and risk assessment programs because of its simplicity and reproducibility.     

贵州木本燃油植物掌叶木的经济性状分析

报道了贵州木本然油植物掌叶木资源量、种实产量和果实性状。首次对掌叶木的果皮和种子中的粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析。掌叶木是一个适宜综合开发利用的多用途树种，现有种子可满足贵州适宜地区发展掌叶木能源林的基本需要。通过遗传改良，提高掌叶木果实产量，选育丰产稳产高效的掌叶木家系或无性系良种，是今后掌叶木生物柴油产业化研发的关键。     

A method for measuring low-weight carboxylic acids from biosolid compost

Concentration of low-weight carboxylic acids (LWCA) is one of the important parameters that should be taken into consideration when compost is applied as soil improver for plant cultivation, because high amounts of LWCA can be toxic to plants. The present work describes a method for analysis of LWCA in compost as a useful tool for monitoring compost quality and safety. The method was tested on compost samples of two different ages: 3 (immature) and 6 (mature) months old. Acids from compost samples were extracted at high pH, filtered, and freeze-dried. The dried sodium salts were derivatized with a sulfuric acid-methanol mixture and concentrations of 11 low-weight fatty acids (C1-C10) were analyzed using headspace gas chromatography. The material was analyzed with two analytical techniques: the external calibration method (tested on 11 LWCA) and the standard addition method (tested only on formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and iso-butyric acids). The two techniques were compared for efficiency of acids quantification. The method allowed good separation and quantification of a wide range of individual acids with high sensitivity at low concentrations. Detection limit for propionic, butyric, caproic, caprylic, and capric acids was 1 mg kg(-1) compost; for formic, acetic, valeric, enanthoic and pelargonic acids it was 5 mg kg(-1) compost; and for iso-butyric acid it was 10 mg kg(-1) compost. Recovery rates of LWCA were higher in 3-mo-old compost (57-99%) than in 6-mo-old compost (29-45%). In comparison with the external calibration technique the standard addition technique proved to be three to four times more precise for older compost and two times for younger compost. Disadvantages of the standard addition technique are that it is more time demanding and laborious.     

Fatty acid methyl ester analysis to identify sources of soil in surface water

Efforts to improve land-use practices to prevent contamination of surface waters with soil are limited by an inability to identify the primary sources of soil present in these waters. We evaluated the utility of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of dry reference soils for multivariate statistical classification of soils collected from surface waters adjacent to agricultural production fields and a wooded riparian zone. Trials that compared approaches to concentrate soil from surface water showed that aluminum sulfate precipitation provided comparable yields to that obtained by vacuum filtration and was more suitable for handling large numbers of samples. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles were developed from reference soils collected from contrasting land uses in different seasons to determine whether specific fatty acids would consistently serve as variables in multivariate statistical analyses to permit reliable classification of soils. We used a Bayesian method and an independent iterative process to select appropriate fatty acids and found that variable selection was strongly impacted by the season during which soil was collected. The apparent seasonal variation in the occurrence of marker fatty acids in FAME profiles from reference soils prevented preparation of a standardized set of variables. Nevertheless, accurate classification of soil in surface water was achieved utilizing fatty acid variables identified in seasonally matched reference soils. Correlation analysis of entire chromatograms and subsequent discriminant analyses utilizing a restricted number of fatty acid variables showed that FAME profiles of soils exposed to the aquatic environment still had utility for classification at least 1 wk after submersion.     

Assessment of different carbon and salinity level on growth kinetics,lipid, and starch composition of Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12

ABSTRACT

The quality of microalgal biofuel depends on the fatty acid (FA) distribution. A high ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) favors better biofuel characteristics. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are essential FAs for required biodiesel quality. In this study, combined effects of growth medium concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol on cell composition and FA profile of the Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211–12 were investigated. A central composite design (CCD) based design of experiments (DoE) was used for experimental setup. According to experimental results, the maximum mass fraction for palmitic acid (C16:0), 40.67% of total fatty acids, was obtained in the medium supplemented with 0.9% (w/v) NaCl, 0.3% (w/v) glucose, and 0.3% (w/v) glycerol, whereas stearic acid (C18:0) percentage reached the highest value of 22.16% of total fatty acids in the presence of 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glucose, and 0.6% glycerol. According to the same set of designed experiments, best starch content was found as 22.08% of dry cell weight in a medium containing 2.0% NaCl, 0.3% glucose, and 0.3% glycerol. C16:0 mass fraction as a function of three medium ingredient concentrations was modeled using a Kriging model. Optimum concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol to reach maximum C16:0 fraction were predicted as 0.5, 1, and 1%, respectively.     

掌叶大黄叶资源的开发与利用

对掌叶大黄叶中的药用成分做了定性分析,运用凯氏定氮法和液相色谱仪对粗蛋白和氨基酸的含量进行了测定。实验结果表明:掌叶大黄叶中含有多种药用成分,含有除色氨酸以外的7种人体必需氨基酸,粗蛋白含量在叶及叶柄中分别为干重的0 5712%和1 896%。在此基础上,对掌叶大黄叶资源的开发与利用进行了讨论。     

Fatty Acids as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Thermal Energy Storage: A Review

Abstract

Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies in general and phase change materials (PCMs) in particular, have been topic in research for the last 20 years. Traditionally, available heat has been stored in the form of sensible heat (typically by raising temperature of water, rocks, etc). Latent heat storage on the other hand, is a novel and developing technology, which has found considerable interest due to its operational advantages of smaller temperature swing, smaller size, and lower weight per unit of storage capacity. The interest on thermal energy storage by using fatty acids as PCM has risen in recent times since they have desired thermodynamic and kinetic criteria for low temperature latent heat storage. An added advantage is that fatty acids are derived from the vegetable and animals oil that provides an assurance of continuous supply. This article will review the development of fatty acids as PCMs for solar thermal energy storage application.     

Secondary metabolite concentrations and terpene emissions of Scots pine xylem after long-term forest fertilization

Secondary compounds are known to be associated with the resistance of conifer xylem against insects and fungi. The effects of long-term forest fertilization with nitrogen (N) or with N, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) on secondary compounds in the xylem of 50-yr-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were examined. Xylem samples were collected from trees growing in three locations in southern Finland: Vilppula, Padasjoki, and Punkaharju. Forests were fertilized every fifth (Vilppula and Padasjoki) or tenth (Punkaharju) year since the 1950s. We compared concentrations of individual and total monoterpenes and resin acids in the heartwood and sapwood of Scots pine. Terpene emissions were analyzed from the sapwood and total phenolics from the heartwood. Fertilization did not have any significant effect on the concentrations and emissions of xylem monoterpenes. Concentrations of several individual terpenes in sapwood were positively correlated with the corresponding terpene emission. The concentrations of individual resin acids (i.e., abietic and dehydroabietic) decreased significantly in Punkaharju, but increased in the sapwood of N-fertilized trees compared with control ones at Padasjoki and Vilppula. The concentrations of resin acids in the heartwood were not significantly affected by fertilization. Both fertilization treatments decreased the total phenolic concentrations in the heartwood of trees growing in Padasjoki. There was a significant positive correlation between the total phenolics and total resin acid concentration. Overall, resin acids and phenolics seemed be more responsive than monoterpenes to N treatment. These results suggest that forest fertilization might cause slight changes in secondary compound concentrations of xylem, and thus might have significance in the decay resistance of wood.     

一种油田注水缓蚀剂的合成与性能评价

以不同长链脂肪酸、四乙烯五胺为原料合成油田注水缓蚀剂,通过正交试验筛选了最优合成条件。采用静态挂片法评价了产品的缓蚀性能,并考察了用量、温度对其缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明,试验条件下此类缓释剂在用量800mg/L、相对低温的条件下缓蚀效果较好。