海岛微电网高温、高湿、高盐环境条件监测及防护研究

海岛微电网设备运行在典型的"高温、高湿和高盐"环境中,设备运行环境较为恶劣,给电网设备的生产运行带来了较大难度。本研究针对广东省某典型"高温、高湿、高盐"环境海岛微电网开展为期1年的环境条件监测,全面分析海岛微电网环境温湿度、污染物分布和变化规律。通过开展金属材料自然大气暴晒试验和电气设备微腐蚀环境监测,评定了室外和电气设备的环境等级。通过对电气设备的室内自然暴露试验与人工加速试验的对比研究,讨论了微电网材料和零部件腐蚀失效的原因及影响因素,并针对性地提出了海岛微电网设备的防腐解决方案,为海岛微电网电气设备的安全稳定运行提供了技术支持和保障。     

飞机防雷和接地要求

飞机接大地是保证飞机安全，保护地勤人员免遭电击的重要措施。本文对安全接地的重要性进行了理论分析，并介绍了接地电阻的测量方法和降低接地电阻的措施。     

热带海岛电气设备金属腐蚀因素与规律特点研究

电气设备在热带海岛的“高温、高湿、高盐”环境条件下的金属腐蚀问题异常突出，通过对海南省西沙区某典型热带海岛电气设备服役现状开展调研和环境条件等级监测，对热带海岛户内外设备腐蚀特点和环境条件等级进行评价，分析多因素交互影响下的腐蚀影响因素及其规律特点，并针对性提出热带海岛环境电气设备金属腐蚀防护技术要求与建议。     

福建海上风电机组环境条件及腐蚀失效分析

福建海上风电机组在高温、高湿、高盐雾作用下会容易发生腐蚀，影响风电机组正常运行，需要定期监测机组部件服役环境，采取有效措施排除隐患。本文对海上风力发电机组内部腐蚀等级及速率、盐雾进行现场实时监测，检查塔筒涂层、结构件、电气设备腐蚀老化情况。根据环境监测检查结果和分析腐蚀老化原因，形成完整监测、检查方案，有助于保障风电机组长期正常运行。     

灰色-神经网络算法预测地网腐蚀与优化

随着社会对电力系统的依赖与日增长,对地网腐蚀安全的研究越来越引发关注。地网腐蚀测量的原始数据大部分是离散分布的,难以用传统方法准确对地网未来的腐蚀走向进行预测,因此提出使用灰色神经网络法来分析变电站接地网检测试验的原始数据。通过分析影响接地网腐蚀的主要因素,对相关测量的原始数据进行预处理,建立灰色神经网络模型,最后以某110 k V变电站的相关数据为例,通过灰色神经网络建模进行初步预测,然后利用遗传算法对原始网络进行初始权值与阈值优化,最后将MATLAB计算数据平均误差进行对比的步骤,实现对25℃实验环境下原始数据的分析处理。实验结果表明,在灰色神经网络算法下平均误差为13.42%,优化后,遗传优化算法其平均误差值为6.31%,验证了优化灰色神经网络法能够试验对地网随时间腐蚀的可靠预测。     

某机载PCB模块环境适应性设计与分析

本文介绍了某机载印制板模块插件的环境适应性设计,其中包括抗振设计、电磁防护设计以及防腐蚀设计等内容,并分析了印制板插件冷板接地与不接地两种情况下产生的电磁干扰的原因,同时还介绍了镁合金冷板防腐蚀设计措施和试验结果.     

橡胶帘密封干式煤气柜的腐蚀及防护问题探讨

转炉煤气柜作为转炉煤气回收系统中的一个重要环节,起着对煤气输配、稳压调峰的关键作用。由于煤气中酸性气体以及冷凝水等极易对煤气柜造成腐蚀极而导致煤气泄露,严重威胁到安全生产,因此对气柜进行有效的腐蚀防护措施是十分重要的。本文对橡胶帘密封干式煤气柜的腐蚀原因、机理及防护措施进行了详细地探讨,并针对新建气柜提出了相关的防护方案与建议。     

环境的电气污染

人类环境中的电磁变化,会不会诱发出病理状态呢?许多国家都开展了这方面的研究工作。最近已有一些成果清楚地揭示了这个问题,因此,现在可以谈谈电气污染了。电气污染的起因是多种多样的,例如:空气污染,穿着服装和靴鞋产生的静电,各种电气设备产生的电磁辐射,发电站、电网,特别是高压输电线产生的磁场,这些都是导致电气污染的根源。     

电子设备的接地和接地设计

从电子设备的安全性和可靠性出发,论述了接地的重要性,并从接地类型、地线作用、接地设计等几方面介绍了有关接地技术的理论及应用。     

新世纪高原铁路供配电设备选用的构想

本文结合青藏铁路供用电电受高海拔影响的情况,分析了７０年代以来高原电气设备研究,测试和运行的状况,展望了２１世纪高原电气设备的前景和前景和构想。     

水体穿越输油管道腐蚀检测及泄漏后果模拟

为了解管道腐蚀状况,对管道所处的土壤环境进行了分析,对管道外防腐层进行了土壤腐蚀性检测、外防腐层检测,对管道的内腐蚀状况以及管道腐蚀破坏后造成的泄漏后果进行了模拟分析。结果表明:管道发生腐蚀的风险较大,为此对管道防腐工作提出了建议。     

Automated and continuous redox potential measurements in soil

Redox potential (Eh) describes the electrical state of a matrix. In soils, Eh is an important parameter controlling the persistence of many organic and inorganic compounds. A popular, but also criticized, manual measuring method makes use of a small tip of Pt placed on a copper wire that is placed in the soil; a reference electrode is placed in the same soil at a fixed distance. Fluctuations in redox potential values measured in the soil can be very large and depth-dependent. This will be overlooked when making single-point measurements. We developed the datalogger Hypnos 2.0 for continuous redox potential and temperature measurements at various depths in the soil and without disturbance of the site. Hypnos is field-deployable, relatively cheap, and runs on batteries. The datalogger can use a "sleep mode" between sampling events. In sleep mode, there is no constant voltage on the Pt wire or the reference electrode, but there is only a short pulse during sampling. We did not measure an effect of this short pulse on the measured redox potential. In sandy soils in mesocosms and in a salt marsh soil we measured changes in the Eh as large as from -400 to +100 mV within 4 d, and daily cycles of 200 mV. Both absolute redox potential values and their diurnal variations were depth-dependent. Because single redox measurements are insufficient in describing redox conditions in some soil systems, Hypnos can be a powerful tool when studying the effects of fluctuating redox conditions on metal availability and pollutant degradation.     

玻璃钢管线在英买力潜山原油集输中的应用

埋地管道的腐蚀是影响油气田地面工程安全运行的重要因素之一,玻璃钢管道的非金属特性根除了腐蚀环境的形成,杜绝了管道腐蚀穿孔事件的发生,降低了污染土壤等环境问题发生的机率,塔里木油田管道服役现状、史密斯公司30a的研究结果对此做了充分的诠释。英—红外输油管道和哈森-威廉姆斯公式分别从实践和理论上展示了玻璃钢管卓越的水力特性,英买力潜山玻璃钢管线具有良好的经济和社会效益。     

电除尘器接地系统行业标准解读

电除尘器接地系统的设计和施工,不仅会直接影响电除尘器性能和效率,也会影响其它控制系统的正常工作。本文从电除尘器的工作特性出发,解读了电除尘器标准中有关接地的各项要求,并希望通过此文能对规范电除尘器接地系统的设计和施工有所帮助。     

Cupric ion activity in peat soil as a toxicity indicator for maize

Copper phytotoxicity in soils is difficult to assess because Cu accumulates at and damages roots, and is not readily transferred to shoots. Soil chemical properties strongly influence Cu speciation, so that total soil Cu alone is not a broadly useful indicator of potential toxicity to plants. The present study measured free Cu2+ activity in Cu-enriched peat soils using the ion selective electrode. The soil Cu2+ activity was related to the severity of phytotoxicity as measured by several indicators in a maize (Zea mays L.) bioassay, including leaf chlorosis, root stunting, and reduced shoot growth and Fe concentration. A soil Cu2+ activity of 10(-7.0) to 10(-7.5), corresponding to total Cu of about 275 mg/kg in the peat soil, caused phytotoxicity in maize seedlings. It is proposed that Cu2+ activity is more directly related to phytotoxic effects than other soil tests, such as extractions with strong acids or chelating agents, because it is the free Cu2+ in soil solution that has the most direct toxic effects on roots. There was very limited uptake of Cu into maize shoots, and even when Cu2+ activity and total soil Cu were raised into the extreme toxicity range of 10(-5) and 4,000 mg/ kg, respectively, shoot Cu remained less than 35 mg/kg. These results indicate the inadequacy of the USEPA risk assessment of potential for Cu toxicity to crops amended with sewage sludge, which assumed a no-effect level of maize shoot Cu of 40 mg/kg.     

A washing procedure to mobilize mixed contaminants from soil: II. Heavy metals

We conducted a laboratory study to assess the efficiency of nonionic and anionic surfactants in combination with a sparing quantity of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) to simultaneously extract heavy metals (HMs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds from a field-contaminated soil. A soil wash that mobilized both HMs and PCBs was combined with back-extraction with hexane to remove PCBs from the aqueous wash. The aqueous washing suspension was then regenerated by precipitation of the HMs induced by corrosion and hydrolysis of zero-valent Mg to provide a cleaned soil and innocuous extract. Finally, the washing suspension was recycled twice to mobilize more contaminants from the soil particulate fraction. After ultrasonic equilibration, EDTA in admixture with a nonionic surfactant did not appreciably change the efficiency of mobilization of most heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Fe Mn, Ni, and Zn), but did increase the recovery of Cu and Pb. The release of EDTA from HM complexes was efficient for most metals (99%) but was influenced by the chemical characteristics of the surfactant. The EDTA recovery (62-65%) after three cycles of soil washing, hexane back-extraction, and Mg(0) treatment was similar for all reagent combinations. In toto, these studies demonstrate that after treatment with ultrasound, selected heavy metals can be coextracted efficiently from soil with a single washing suspension containing EDTA and a nonionic surfactant.     

The environmental and ethical implications of lead shot contamination of rural lands in North America

Lead shot deposited in fields and woodlands near shooting rangesand intense, upland, hunting adds an enormous tonnage of lead toenvironments, worldwide. This contamination is not remedied bybanning lead shot use only for waterfowl hunting. Lead pelletsdisintegrate extremely slowly, during which time they may beingested from the soil by wild birds, livestock, or silage-makingmachinery, and cause sublethal or fatal lead poisoning. Leadpellet corrosion products contaminate soil, surface waters, andground waters, often exceeding permissible levels. Plants do notconcentrate much lead from the soil, except when grown in acidicsoils of heavily-contaminated shooting ranges. Inheavily-contaminated sites, earthworms ingest leadcompounds which are bioaccumulated in higher consumersof food webs. Non-toxic substitutes made from steelor bismuth are available internationally and areeffective for all types of hunting and targetshooting. Many nations are slow to require their use,despite the marked awareness of the problems of leadshot contamination and toxicosis. This is due tohunters and international sport shooting organizationsopposing the use of non-toxic substitutes and overtemphasis by government agencies on the burden ofscientific proof for every situation, rather thantaking preventative action according to thePrecautionary Principle. The ethical approach ofDenmark and The Netherlands, which banned all uses oflead shot, is advocated as a precedent for othernations to adopt.     

Transport of cadmium and assessment of phytotoxicity after electrokinetic remediation

The use of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the electrokinetic removal of cadmium-contaminated soil was evaluated. A total of four different tests were conducted using EDTA as a washing solution as well as a purging solution at the electrode compartments. The efficiency of electrokinetic extraction was significantly influenced by the pH of the soil medium. The results show that EDTA was effective in desorbing cadmium at a high pH, with Cd-EDTA(-) anion complexes migrating toward the anode. At low pH values near the anode area, cadmium existed as Cd(2+), migrating toward the cathode. Such contradicting directions of cadmium have resulted in its detrimental removal from the soil cell. However, accumulation of cadmium near the cathode was observed at the end of the tests due to the dominating low pH in the soil cell. The phytotoxicity after the electrokinetic process was investigated using Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba plants. The germination index was a major endpoint estimated by measuring seed germination and shoot elongation. The results obtained show that the phytotoxicity was increased after electrokinetic extraction. Despite, the extensive cadmium removal from two-thirds of the cell, the low pH of the soil was the principal parameter exhibiting the phytotoxicity.     

Advanced superhydrophobic electroactive fluorinated polyimide and its application in anticorrosion coating

A novel superhydrophobicelectroactive fluorinated polyimide (HEFPI) was first synthesized from aniline trimer and 4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride. The HEFPI could be fabricated as superhydrophobicfilm by replicated the surface of the Xanthosomasagittifolium leaves. The water contact angle of HEFPI film reaches as high as 157 ° and the superhydrophobic property of HEFPI could coat on cold-rolled steel (CRS) to prevent the metal corrosion. Electroactivity of EFPI was evaluated by performing electrochemical cyclic voltammetry study. Besides, redox catalytic capabilities of aniline trimer units existed in HEFPI main chain may induce the formation of passive metal oxide layers on the CRS electrode. The synergistic effects (hydrophobic property and passive metal oxide layers) make the HEFPI coating has great potential for advanced anticorrosion material.     

电子仪器使用过程与市电和接地的关系

电子仪器在国防科研、生产和人们的日常生活中起到越来越重要的作用。正常使用电子仪器会给我们的工作和生活带来许多有利的因素，而仪器的使用过程中市电的供应、接地的好坏又是直接影响仪器工作决定条件。本人在多年的实际工作过程中遇到一些具体的问题，在这里提出些见解，仅供参考。