共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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以加工牛皮、羊皮成品为主的某制革企业,年加工7—8万张。生产工艺为:浸水→浸灰→水洗脱灰→软化脱脂→铬鞣及复鞣→中和染色及加脂→干革整饰。污水来自浸皮、水洗、浸灰、铬鞣及复鞣和染色加脂等工段,其污染物有BOD_5(生化需氧量)、COD_cr(化学耗氧量)、C_r~(6+)(六价铬)、S~(2-)(硫化物)、SS(悬浮物)等有害物质。在这些污染物质中又以BOD_5、COD_cr、SS三项超标排放较为严重。由于污水处理长期未能很好解决,一直超标排放。为此,根据省、市环保部门的要求,该厂委托省环保设备公司组织实施这一处理工程。为确保工程顺利实施,我们采用化学絮凝法进行了实验室小试研究。结果表明:去除各污染物的效果明显。 相似文献
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钻井液的使用和钻屑的管理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
澳大利亚矿产和能源部(DME)根据所处地区的环境敏感性、钻屑处置方式和钻井液的环境性能评估钻井液的使用及其废物排放。环境性能的标准包括基液和整个钻井液的生物毒性、可生物降解性和生物累积性。申请人有责任明确活动的环境领域和可能的环境影响。油基钻井液(OBF)的芳烃含量不超过1%,附在钻屑上的基液干重限值为10%。大钻屑堆可能是海洋低水平烃类渗漏到海洋环境的来源之一,对钻屑堆的移除和处置问题,需要慎重考虑。 相似文献
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水解酸化对感光胶片废水生化反应动力学系数的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用水解酸化工艺可有效地提高工业废水中难生物降解有机物的可生化性,为后续好氧生化处理创造有利条件。本试验在对感光胶片废水采用水解酸化-活性污泥法工艺和常规活性污泥法进行平行对照试验的基础上,从生化反应动力学系数的角度研究水解酸化过程对好氧生化反应的影响。研究结果表明:经水解酸化处理后,在该废水的BOD5/CODCr比值从046-048提高至054-056的同时,后续活性污泥系统的动力学半速度数Ks从常规活性污泥法的459毫克/升下降至103毫克/升,最大比降解速度K从30/日上升至50/日,可用于表征该工业废水可生化性和后续好氧化物处理效果改善和提高的程度。 相似文献
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厌氧--活性污泥法处理高浓度绢纺废水 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了厌氧—活性污泥法用复叶推流式曝气对高浓度绢纺废水治理的工程实例 ,运行结果表明 :CODcr去除率达 96.2 % ,BOD5 去除率达 92 .7%。 相似文献
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Two marine bacterial isolates from drill mud cuttings obtained from Agbara oilfield,Staphylococcus sp. andBacillus sp., were cultured aerobically in the presence of varying concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml) of drilling fluids to
determine the effects of concentration of toxicants on their growth. With the exception of Clairsol, Enviromul, and Baroid
mineral oil, which had little or no effect, the exponential growth ofBacillus sp. was depressed by all other test chemicals. Additionally, all test chemicals except Clairsol had no effect on lag phase
of growth ofBacillus sp. WithStaphylococcus sp. the depressive effect on the exponential phase of growth was shown by almost all test chemicals. There was enhancement
of both growth rate and generation times ofStaphylococcus sp. and decrease of those ofBacillus sp. with increasing concentrations of drilling fluids. These results show that while some drilling fluids may be stimulatory
or depressive to bacterial growth, others may be without effect. 相似文献
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对钻井废物污染的全过程控制 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在钻井作业过程中控制废物的排放量和毒性,变末端处理为全过程控制,采取各种措施预防钻井废物的污染是近年来国外油气田环保工作的一项重要内容。本文就采用小井眼钻井工艺;减少井眼冲蚀;强化环境管理;提高钻井液固控系统的处理效率;开发各种合成基钻井液;采用低毒无害的钻井液化学添加剂等6个方面讨论了减少钻井废物产生量的途径和降低钻井液及添加剂对环境的影响 相似文献
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啤酒厂排放废水中COD与BOD5的相关性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文针对BOD5测定时间长,对突发性污染事故无法及时提供监测数据的缺点,采用最小二乘法,找出COD与BOD5之间的回归方程式,应易测的COD值,较快地估测废水中的BOD5值。 相似文献
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The composition of drilling muds is based on a mixture of clays and additives in a base fluid. There are three generic categories of base fluid - water, oil, and synthetic. Water-based fluids (WBFs) are relatively environmentally benign, but drilling performance is better with oil-based fluids (OBFs). The oil and gas industry developed synthetic-based fluids (SBFs), such as vegetable esters, olefins, ethers, and others, which provide drilling performance comparable to OBFs, but with lower environmental and occupational health effects. The primary objective of this paper is to present a methodology to guide decision-making in the selection and evaluation of three generic types of drilling fluids using a risk-based analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In this paper a comparison of drilling fluids is made considering various activities involved in the life cycle of drilling fluids.This paper evaluates OBFs, WBFs, and SBFs based on four major impacts—operations, resources, economics, and liabilities. Four major activities—drilling, discharging offshore, loading and transporting, and disposing onshore—cause the operational impacts. Each activity involves risks related to occupational injuries (safety), general public health, environmental impact, and energy use. A multicriteria analysis strategy was used for the selection and evaluation of drilling fluids using a risk-based AHP. A four-level hierarchical structure is developed to determine the final relative scores, and the SBFs are found to be the best option. 相似文献
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水质的生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释与接种法测定结果不确定度评定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实际工作中,运用测量过程的合并样本标准差来评定A类不确定度比较客观。本文根据JJF1059—1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,通过实例,阐述了用稀释接种法测定水中生化需氧量不确定度的评定方法。 相似文献
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废钻井液对环境污染及固化处理室内研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
目前我国许多油田钻井井场位于稻田、麦田、虾池和鱼塘周围,而废钻井液中含有无机盐、重金属组分、油品及大量有机聚合物,其中有些是有害物质,一口井的废钻井液一般可达200~300m~3。这些废钻井液堆放在井场不进行处理会对周围环境造成较大污染。为此,如何处理这些废钻井液是目前令人极为关心的课题。本文分析了我国一些油田废钻井液的毒性;介绍了毒性提取、评价方法及其对土壤、植物和海洋生物的影响,同时重点介绍用化学固化方法处理废钻井液的结果。通过对现场的5个废钻井液的固化处理室内试验证实,废钻井液固化后有一定强度,其水浸出液清彻透明,达到排放标准,固化体可进行掩埋恢复地貌,也可作为建筑材料使用。 相似文献