清洁发展机制在石油行业的潜力分析

系统分析了石油行业清洁发展机制项目的潜力,并提出了建议。在统计与石油行业相关的清洁发展机制方法学及其注册项目和温室气体减排量的基础上,给出了各方法学与石油行业的相关性。从勘探与生产、天然气与管道、炼油与化工三大领域,分析了石油行业潜在的清洁发展机制项目领域。最后,提出了对石油行业开展清洁发展机制相关工作的建议。     

利用清洁发展机制促进可持续发展

清洁发展机制（CDM）是《京都议定书》确定的实现温室气体减排目标的3种灵活机制之一。简要介绍了清洁发展机制的产生背景、核心内容、操作程序以及国内外CDM项目开发现状，进而从可持续发展战略的实施、外资利用、技术引进三个方面阐述了清洁发展机制对促进我国可持续发展的作用与意义，并对促进四川CDM项目开发提出了几点建议。     

中国清洁电力发展对二氧化碳排放的空间效应及影响路径研究

有关清洁电力是否有效降低二氧化碳排放,有两种不同观点,本文分析了产生争议的原因,并基于机理分析,选取1998—2018年中国30个省份的相关数据,利用空间面板杜宾模型研究清洁电力发展对区域二氧化碳排放的影响。回归结果显示：①二氧化碳排放在省域之间具有显著的正向空间溢出效应。②清洁电力发展与二氧化碳排放之间呈倒U形关系并通过了一系列稳健性检验。③进一步地通过效应分解发现,清洁电力发展无论是直接效应还是间接效应,均需要达到一定的门槛值之后才会对区域二氧化碳排放产生促减效用。最后,通过中介效应模型检验发现,清洁电力发展带来的能源消费结构调整和能源利用效率改变是影响二氧化碳排放的作用机制。     

低碳经济与清洁发展机制

针对国际社会广泛关注的气候变化和碳减排问题,文章介绍了低碳经济、清洁发展机制以及实现低碳经济的基本途径,量化了河北省碳减排潜力,分析了河北省电力、钢铁两大行业的碳减排途径,最后从项目技术开发因素和项目外部环境因素两方面具体提出了河北省发展低碳经济和清洁发展机制的对策.     

观点

发展碳市场,中国缺的不是钱,不是人才,而是机制,机制里面最重要的就是碳价格信号体系。价格信号可以指导私人投资。如果通过价格信号来引导私人资金进入清洁能源、低碳技术领域,中国的潜力将不可低估。     

清洁发展机制(CDM)项目在青藏高原的实施意义

青藏高原是全球气候上的一个独特区域。清洁发展机制(CDM)是一个基于市场的灵活机制,其核心内容是允许发达国家与发展中国家合作,在发展中国家实施温室气体减排项目。在该地区实施清洁发展机制(CDM)项目同样具有特殊意义。     

气候变化多层治理与清洁能源——基于伦敦与北京的比较

正世界主要国家大都市已经成为导致全球气候变化的主要二氧化碳排放源,想要赢得应对气候变化的挑战,必须形成以大都市减排机制为基础的多层治理模式。因此,大都市清洁能源产业的发展就成为应对气候变化的重要途径。伦敦是最早完成工业化的城市,曾经历过严重的环境污染,在发展清洁能源领域积累了丰富经验。中国在经济转型时代既要保持经济中高速增长,又要减少污染,这为北京清洁能源产业发展提供了机遇。伦敦和北京的清洁能源发展已经成为全球气候多层治理的一部分。     

国际资讯

芬兰大力研发清洁技术 芬兰清洁技术中国研讨会日前召开，讨论议题是竞争力和可持续性发展的解决方案。会上，中芬两国签订了多项合作协议，合同意向价值达15亿欧元。     

规划类清洁发展机制在市政基础设施中的应用分析——以苏州市为背景

规划类清洁发展机制(PCDM)作为清洁发展机制(CDM)的改革方案而提出,解决了CDM不能在小型和分散项目中的应用问题,但PCDM项目在物理边界、参与方、方法学使用等方面与CDM项目有一定的区别.采用案例研究表明,市政基础设施中的城市交通系统、垃圾处理系统、市政水系统和城市照明系统等一些项目符合PCDM的基本条件、方法学和额外性等要求.可以大型城市或省级地区为物理边界开发PCDM项目.但是应用中需解决基准线、较高开发成本及较大的开发风险等问题.     

有关完善建筑节能CDM项目开发的探讨

清洁发展机制(CDM)是《京都议定书》提出的三种灵活的温室气体减排机制之一,允许通过发达国家与发展中国家合作使发达国家实现其减排目标的同时促进发展中国家的可持续发展。建筑节能是节能减排的重点领域,是CDM开发重点之一。但建筑节能CDM项目在推广力度、缺少具体方法学以及实施方面存在困难。通过对建筑节能CDM的障碍进行分析,认为应加强政策支持、宣传体系以及技术支持,以促进国内建筑行业充分利用CDM,促进建筑行业节能减排的发展。     

中国与印度CDM开发现状比较研究

中国与印度同为发展中的人口大国，且都是主要的CDM开发国，在CDM发展方面有诸多相似性和相互借鉴之处。本文对中国与印度CDM开发项目的数量、规模、开发时间等进行了比较，通过比较可发现我国CDM存在进展相对较慢、资源优势没有充分发挥以及小型企业参与不足等问题，并在此基础上提出了促进我国CDM快速健康发展的建议。     

Sustainable development in the Clean Development Mechanism: the role of Designated National Authority in China and India

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) emerged under the Kyoto Protocol to facilitate collaboration between developed and developing countries in order to mitigate greenhouse gases. The CDM allows developed countries to receive credits towards meeting their obligatory targets by investing in emission reduction projects in developing countries. The countries are required to set up a Designated National Authority (DNA) to approve the CDM projects. This paper examines the role of the DNA in ensuring sustainable development, using the empirical case of China and India. Three aspects of the DNA's role are examined: the institutional structure, the policy context and the CDM project market. All three aspects highlight the important role of the DNA in meeting the countries' sustainable development priorities.     

华东电网超超临界CDM项目CO2减排量研究

介绍了燃煤电厂超超临界CDM类型项目CO2减排量的理论计算过程，说明各参数的取值方法，并结合华东电网超超临界CDM项目案例给予演示，最后就减排问题对CDM项目的开发提出了建议。     

中国低碳化背景下的农业CDM发展

处于城市化、工业化发展转型期,经济增长快速且环境荷载具有刚性的中国而言,走低碳化道路已经成为当前的必然选择.未来一段时期,不仅工业和城市要承担减排义务,农业同样肩负重任.作为发展中国家的发展中地区,农村推行CDM的作用显著,以农村为依托的农业执行CDM的意义深远.在CDM基础上,针对中国农业生态环境,通过总结农业发展CDM的内部条件和外部环境因素提出相关对策建议.     

Policy,Institutional and Market Barriers to the Implementation of Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) in China

China is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world, with potentially about two thirds of total Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) for Asia on the world carbon market (). Since 68% of its primary energy is from coal, China's average energy intensity is 7.5 times higher than the EU and 4.3 times higher than the US (EU, 2003 The European Union on-line. (2003). (http://europa.eu.int/index_ns_en.htm accessed Oct 2003  [Google Scholar]). Therefore, introducing advanced clean technologies and management to China represents opportunities for Annex I countries to obtain low-cost CERs through CDM projects, and access to one of the largest potential energy conservation markets in the world.

CDM can provide a win-win solution for both China and Annex I countries, and the Chinese government considers that the introduction of CDM projects can bring advanced energy technologies and foreign investment to China, thereby helping China's sustainable economy and generating CERs. As energy efficiency is generally low and carbon intensity is high in both China's energy supply and demand sectors, numerous options exist for cost-effective energy conservation and GHG mitigation with CDM.

This paper reviews current Chinese policies and administrative and institutional settings for CDM cooperation, and discusses existing policy, institutional and other barriers in the energy market by drawing on observations and experience from previous initiatives such as Cleaner Production and energy efficiency. Some options to remove these barriers are addressed. In order to make CDM projects feasible, China's government needs to promote awareness, streamline administrative systems, and be more active in building a competitive edge in the world carbon market.     

Has the Clean Development Mechanism assisted sustainable development?

One of the dual objectives of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is to assist host countries in achieving sustainable development. With various CDM indicators for 58 CDM host countries over the period 2005‐2010, this paper empirically assesses whether CDM project development fulfils its sustainable development objective. Using a unique dynamic panel data method based on the long‐differenced model, this research provides convincing evidence that CDM projects contribute to sustainable development in host countries. It sheds light on the role of the CDM in the process of global sustainability with clear policy implications for developing countries and those embracing market instruments.     

CDM碳交易市场项目类型探讨

对CDM市场的项目类型进行了归纳与分析,总结了CDM项目类型与项目注册过程中的问题,对CDM项目交易市场的现状及制度进行了探讨,并提出了相关建议。     

Progress on including CCS projects in the CDM: Insights on increased awareness,market potential and baseline methodologies

The inclusion of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) in the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is still subject to controversy and discussion. A myriad of barriers prevents CCS in the CDM. Apart from political barriers, economic, social and procedural barriers play a role. This paper discusses relevant new results on the human capacity, procedural feasibility and economic potential of CCS in the CDM. The conclusions of a capacity building effort in Africa show that awareness and knowledge are low but that capacity building efforts are well received. A reality check on methodologies for hypothetical CCS projects shows that most of the issues can be resolved, and the CDM institutional arrangements can accommodate CCS. A bottom-up estimate of the potential of natural gas processing CCS in the CDM, based on a previously proprietary database from the oil and gas industry, suggests that there is an annual potential of about 174 MtCO₂ in 2020 in that sector. Most of that potential can be realized at CER prices between $20 and $30/tCO₂ but there is no sign of flooding the CDM market with cheap credits from CCS projects. Despite these results and more open information, the CCS and CDM debate, progress in the negotiations on CCS in the CDM is slow and there is no clear view on a solution.     

我国城市生活垃圾处理行业2010年发展综述

简述了2010年我国城市生活垃圾处理的总体状况;归纳了2010年国家发布和实施的有关标准和政策;介绍了2010年新批准申请CDM的填埋气体利用项目和垃圾焚烧发电项目、垃圾堆肥项目,以及新投入运行的生活垃圾焚烧发电厂;对城市生活垃圾处理行业的发展进行了展望。