共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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废弃钻井泥浆的固化处理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
废弃钻井泥浆的处理是油气勘探与开发工业中人们极为关注的。文章在分析废弃钻井泥浆性质的基础上,通过化学稳定与固化处理试验研究得出以水泥为主,烟炭,石灰等为添加剂的固化剂配方,实验结果表明,经固化处理的废弃泥浆,其固化产物重金属浸出率低,稳定性好,具有一定的抗氧强度,从而能有效地降低废弃泥浆对环境的污染危害,文中还对各种辅加剂对固化效果的影响进行了分析。 相似文献
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随着生活垃圾焚烧处理方式的不断推广,焚烧飞灰的产生量也不断增加。按照我国固体废物分类方法,焚烧飞灰属于危险废物,必须进一步处置才能进入填埋场或资源化利用。本文分析了飞灰物理化学特性,论述了常规处置技术(水泥固化、化学药剂稳定化、酸溶剂提取和熔融固化等)存在的问题。将原始飞灰直接应用于水泥、混凝土或路基材料,飞灰中高含量的重金属和盐类会产生新的环境问题。飞灰水洗可以高效去除其中的可溶性盐类,水洗飞灰在焙烧后重金属的浸出浓度远低于原始飞灰烧结后的相应浓度,飞灰水洗-焙烧技术具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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危险废物焚烧飞灰固化处理技术应用探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
危险废物焚烧处理过程产生的飞灰中含有重金属、二英等有害成分,必须进行处理。目前工程中常用的飞灰固化处理技术主要包括水泥固化、石灰固化、塑性材料固化、玻璃固化等。水泥固化是所有固化技术中应用最多的,但在工程应用中也存在自动化水平不高、成本高、占地面积大、对环境有潜在威胁等问题,需进一步克服。 相似文献
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钻屑、钻井液固化处理及对环境的影响分析 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
钻屑和废钻井液的固化处理是现阶段钻井废物无害化处理的主要研究方向,研究利用固化剂对钻屑和废泥浆进行固化处理,优选配方(水泥+粉煤灰+添加剂)进行固化处理;同时考查了钻屑、钻井液固化填埋后对周围环境的影响。结果表明,固化物浸出液的分析结果符合国家危险废物鉴别标准(GB5085.3-1996)和国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996),对周围环境水质调查监测,环境水质未受到污染,与填埋前的监测指标变化不大。 相似文献
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针对页岩气开发过程中产生的油基钻屑残渣,对其在建材领域的资源化利用现状进行综述,主要从用作道路填料、作为原材料烧制水泥、免烧陶粒和烧结陶粒、免烧砖和烧结砖及加气混凝土砌块五个方面进行总结。以ODCRs为原材料,采取固化稳定法制备路基、路面填料、免烧砖和陶粒以及加气混凝土砌块、混凝土等资源化产品,是目前最直接、简便的方式,但仍存在潜在的环境风险,应对其长期浸出性能进行追踪和评估。高温煅烧处理制备陶粒、砖和水泥能有效地消除ODCRs中的有机物,固化其中的重金属等污染物成分,但其掺量对烧结制品的组成和性能影响较大,尤其是水泥生产过程中BaO会抑制C3S的生成,因而掺量受到限制。采用ODCRs制备陶粒支撑剂用于油气田开发可实现资源的循环利用,是目前较有发展前景的资源化利用方式。 相似文献
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Utilization of washed MSWI fly ash as partial cement substitute with the addition of dithiocarbamic chelate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The management of the big amount of fly ash as hazardous waste from the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) has encountered many problems in China. In this study, a feasibility research on MSWI fly ash utilization as partial cement substitute in cement mortars was therefore carried out. MSWI fly ash was subjected to washing process to reduce its chlorine content (from 10.16% to 1.28%). Consequently, it was used in cement mortars. Ten percent and 20% replacement of cement by washed ash showed acceptable strength properties. In TCLP and 180-day monolithic tests, the mortars with washed ash presented a little stronger heavy metal leachability, but this fell to the blank level (mortar without washed ash) with the addition of 0.25% chelate. Therefore, this method is proposed as an environment-friendly technology to achieve a satisfactory solution for MSWI fly ash management. 相似文献
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Electric arc furnace dust from steel production is generated in considerable amounts worldwide and needs to be treated as hazardous waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized by using Portland cement. Mortar and paste samples were prepared with varying waste-to-binder ratios between 0% and 90%. A comprehensive experimental program was designed including XRF characterization, setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests. The results were evaluated in order to determine if the solidified /stabilized product can be disposed of at a landfill site with domestic waste or at a segregated landfill. The effect of using sand on S/S performance was also investigated. The results indicated that the solidification /stabilization process using PC helps the heavy metals to be bound in the cement matrix, but the TCLP leaching results exceeded the EPA landfilling limits. The SPLP leaching results conformed to the limits implying that the waste or S/S products can be disposed of at a segregated landfill; however the low ANC of the S/S products reveals that there may be leaching in the long-term. The sand used in the mortar samples adversely affected the S/S performance, causing higher heavy metal leaching levels, and lower pH levels in the leachate after the TCLP extraction than those measured in the leachate of the paste samples. 相似文献
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Life cycle assessment, LCA, has become a key methodology to evaluate the environmental performance of products, services and processes and it is considered a powerful tool for decision makers. Waste treatment options are frequently evaluated using LCA methodologies in order to determine the option with the lowest environmental impact. Due to the approximate nature of LCA, where results are highly influenced by the assumptions made in the definition of the system, this methodology has certain non-negligible limitations. Because of that, the use of LCA to assess waste co-incineration in cement kilns is reviewed in this paper, with a special attention to those key inventory results highly dependent on the initial assumptions made. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is the life cycle inventory, LCI, of carbon emissions, primary energy and air emissions. When the focus is made on cement production, a tonne of cement is usually the functional unit. In this case, waste co-incineration has a non-significant role on CO2 emissions from the cement kiln and an important energy efficiency loss can be deduced from the industry performance data, which is rarely taken into account by LCA practitioners. If cement kilns are considered as another waste treatment option, the functional unit is usually 1 t of waste to be treated. In this case, it has been observed that contradictory results may arise depending on the initial assumptions, generating high uncertainty in the results. Air emissions, as heavy metals, are quite relevant when assessing waste co-incineration, as the amount of pollutants in the input are increased. Constant transfer factors are mainly used for heavy metals, but it may not be the correct approach for mercury emissions. 相似文献
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Formulation of criteria for pollution control on cement products produced from solid wastes in China
The process of producing cement products from solid waste can increase the level of pollutants in the cement products. Therefore, it is very important to establish a pollution control standard for cement products to protect the environment and human health. This paper presents acceptance limits for the availability of heavy metals in cement products which have been produced from solid wastes and explains how the limits have been calculated. The approach and method used to formulate these criteria were based on EN 12920. The typical exposure scenarios used in this paper involve concrete being used for drinking water supply pipelines and concrete pavements and are based on an analysis of typical applications of cement in China, and the potential for contact with water. The parameters of a tank test which was based on NEN 7375 were set in accordance with the environmental conditions of typical scenarios in China. Mechanisms controlling the release of heavy metals in concrete and a model for that release were obtained using the leaching test. Finally, based on acceptance criteria for drinking water and groundwater quality in China, limit values for the availability of heavy metals in concrete were calculated. 相似文献
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为研究抗生素制药菌渣施肥对土壤—作物体系中重金属的污染及迁移特征的影响,选取新疆伊宁县某试验田作为研究对象,运用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价抗生素施加后农田土壤重金属污染状况,采用富集系数(BCF)来表示重金属在土壤—作物体系间的迁移性能。研究表明:大豆和玉米在苗期、开花期和成熟期所有地块的重金属含量均达到标准值,土壤未受到重金属污染,在成熟期,Cu、Cr、Ni更容易在大豆作物中富集,而Zn更易在玉米中富集。研究成果可为抗生素制药菌渣肥的安全利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Prediction of metal-adsorption behaviour in the remediation of water contamination using indigenous microorganisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fosso-Kankeu E Mulaba-Bafubiandi AF Mamba BB Barnard TG 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(10):2786-2793
In recent years, the adsorption of heavy metal cations onto bacterial surfaces has been studied extensively. This paper reports the findings of a study conducted on the heavy metal ions found in mine effluents from a mining plant where Co2+ and Ni2+ bearing minerals are processed. Heavy metal ions are reported to be occasionally present in these mine effluents, and the proposed microbial sorption technique offers an acceptable solution for the removal of these heavy metals. The sorption affinity of microorganisms for metal ions can be used to select a suitable microbial sorbent for any particular bioremediation process. Interactions of heavy metal ions (Co2+ and Ni2+) and light metal ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) with indigenous microbial cells (Brevundimonas spp., Bacillaceae bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, pseudo second-order reaction kinetics model and a binary-metal system. Equilibrium constants and adsorption capacities derived from these models allowed delineation of the effect of binding affinity and metal concentration ratios on the overall adsorption behaviour of microbial sorbents, as well as prediction of performance in bioremediation systems. Although microbial sorbents used in this study preferentially bind to heavy metal ions, it was observed that higher concentrations (>90 mg/?) of light metal ions in multi-metal solutions inhibit the adsorption of heavy metal ions to the bacterial cell wall. However, the microbial sorbents reduced Ni2+ levels in the mine-water used (93–100% Ni2+ removal) to below the maximum acceptable limit of 350 μg/?, established by the South African Bureau of Standards. Competition among metal ions for binding sites on the biomaterial surface can occur during the bioremediation process, but microbial sorption affinity for heavy metal ions can enhance their remediation in dilute (<5 mg/? heavy metal) wastewaters. 相似文献
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Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation-flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. About 185 published studies (1988-2010) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. 相似文献