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Sujit Das T. Randall Curlee Colleen G. Rizy Susan M. Schexnayder 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,14(3-4)
Changes in the trends in the material composition of domestic and imported automobiles and the increasing cost of landfilling the non-recyclable portion of automobiles (automobile shredder residue or ASR) pose questions about the future of automobile recycling in the United States. In response to these challenges, new and innovative approaches to automobile recycling are being developed. This paper presents the findings of a recent study to examine the impacts of these changes on the life cycle energy consumption of automobiles and on the quantity of waste that must be disposed of. Given the recycle status quo, trends in material composition and the viability of recycling the non-metallic components of the typical automobile are of secondary importance when compared to the energy consumed during the life of the automobile. The energy savings resulting from small changes in the fuel efficiency of a vehicle overshadow potential energy losses associated with the adoption of new and possibly non-recyclable materials. Under status quo conditions, the life cycle energy consumed by the typical automobile is projected to decrease from 599 million Btus in 1992 to 565 million Btus in 2000. Energy consumed during the manufacture of the typical car will increase from about 120 to 140 million Btus between 1992 and 2000, while energy used during vehicle operation will decrease from 520 to 480 million Btus. This study projects that energy saved at the recycle step will increase from 41 million Btus in 1992 to 55 million Btus in 2000. This study also investigated the energy impacts of several potential changes to the recycle status quo, including the adoption of technologies to retrieve the heat value of ASR by incineration and the recycle of some or all thermoplastics in the typical automobile. The study estimates that under optimistic conditions —i.e., the recycling of all thermoplastics and the incineration with heat recovery of all remaining ASR —about 8 million Btus could be saved per automobile —i.e., an increase from about 55 to 63 million Btus. In the more realistic scenario —i.e., the recycling of easy-to-remove thermoplastic components (bumper covers and dash-boards) —the potential energy savings are about 1 million Btus per vehicle. It is estimated that the annual quantity of ASR in the United States could be reduced from about 5 billion pounds to as little as 1 billion pounds of ash if all ASR is incinerated. Alternatively, ASR quantity could be reduced to about 4 billion pounds if all thermoplastics in automobiles are recycled. However, in the case of recycling only thermoplastic bumper covers and dashboards, the quantity of ASR would be reduced by only 0.2 billion pounds. A significant reduction or increase in the size of the ASR waste stream will not in itself have a large impact on the solid waste stream in the United States. 相似文献
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汽车工业的发展可以带动整个国民经济的发展,但如何解决环境问题是发展汽车产业的关键。我国在发展汽车产业的同时,必须采取系统措施,控制机动车排放污染,把发展汽车产业、城市建设和治理环境污染,作为城市经济发展的主体进行整体规划。 相似文献
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本文分析了汽车禁用有害物质现状及相关法规和政策要求,探索汽车产品禁限用有害物控制方法,建立汽车产品绿色材料数据系统。企业通过实践,有效控制汽车产品禁限用有害物质的使用。 相似文献
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Little is known about the relationship between multi-modal transportation environments and aspects of sustainable urban development, such as reduced income inequality and affordable housing. This study, adapted from Molotch and Appelbaum's inter-city differential method, studied 148 semi-isolated mid-size cities. Using U.S. Census data from 2013, we found that increased diversity in commute modality is associated with less income inequality between white and African-American households, as well as between men and women. Commute mode diversity is also associated with higher earnings for white women and African-American men. Our study also shows that cities with more commuter mode diversity are associated with higher home property values and affordable rental markets compared to automobile dependent cities. These results undercut the notion that increasing automobile ownership is a reasonable policy response to urban poverty, and suggest that sustainable transportation policy can produce positive economic gains for cities. This work adds to the growing literature identifying fundamental differences between multimodal and automobile dependent cities. 相似文献
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Ezutah Udoncy OluguKuan Yew Wong Awaludin Mohamed Shaharoun 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(6):567-579
The main purpose of this study was to develop a set of measures for evaluating the performance of the automobile green supply chain. This study reviewed various literatures on green supply chain performance measurement, environmental management, traditional supply chain performance measurement, and automobile supply chain management. In order to comprehensively and effectively establish the relevant measures, a suitable framework which considered the automobile green supply chain as a two-in-one chain was adopted. This two-in-one chain comprised a forward and backward chain for the automobile industry. Consequently, 10 measures with 49 metrics and 6 measures with 23 metrics were identified and developed for the forward and backward chains, respectively. Sequel to the development of these measures, a survey was conducted using a four-page questionnaire distributed to experts (including academics and practitioners) to establish their importance and applicability. The findings of this study suggested that the importance and applicability of all the developed measures have been substantiated. For the forward chain, the most crucial measure was customer perspective while the most applicable one was traditional supply chain cost. The reverse chain measures were topped by management commitment in terms of both importance and applicability. This study contributed to the advancement of knowledge by pioneering the development of a set of holistic measures for evaluating the performance of the automobile green supply chain. The study was wrapped up with the proposition of directions for further studies. 相似文献
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Studies were carried out to determine the physiological response of few economically important tree species viz., Mango (Mangifera indica), Eucalyptus citriodora, Sagon (Tectona grandis) and Sal (Shorea robusta) to roadside automobile pollution during 2004–2005. By determining some physiological parameters, which included chlorophyll
a, and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, pH and relative water content, impact of automobile exhaust on these species
was assessed. The data obtained were further analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and a significant change in all these parameters
was found in the leaf samples collected from road side trees, exposed to automobile exhausts in comparison to control. Higher
value of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was recorded for S. robusta (9.02) while the minimum value of APTI was recorded for M. indica (6.76). 相似文献
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本文介绍了汽车VOC的危害以及国内外对汽车VOC的一些研究,同时对汽车整车、零部件及材料的VOC检测方法进行简单介绍,并分析了汽车内饰件产生VOC的主要来源。 相似文献
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Park planning, once at the root of the profession during the nineteenth century, can again provide cities with a means to improve public health through restricting access to automobiles. This intercept study, conducted in New Orleans City Park, found that two-thirds of users support weekend street closures to automobiles. Widespread support (63%) exists even among the 72% of people who arrived by automobile. This study also found measurable stated benefits from restricting car access. For more than 53% of the sample that stated that they would walk more in a car-free zone, respondents noted that they would walk nearly 30?min more per month. These findings suggest that planners and policy-makers have a cost-effective option to improve cities and public health – taming the automobile in urban parks. 相似文献
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用萃取火焰AAS法测定汽车道旁树叶中的铅含量 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
主要介绍了用碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮(KI-MIBK)萃取汽车道旁植物叶片中的微量铅,然后用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)测定,该方法的精密度和准确度均有较满意的结果 相似文献
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This study investigates relations between environmental concern, attitude toward frugality, perceived ease of behavior, and stated intentions to engage in four different types of pro-environmental behavior, i.e., reductions in electricity and gas use, garbage, and automobile use, using data from 341 Japanese respondents. Environmental concern, attitude toward frugality and perceived ease of implementation were considered possible determinants. A structural equation analysis indicated that perceived ease of implementation had effects for all of the pro-environmental behaviors. It also indicated that environmental concern had a positive effect solely for garbage reduction, while attitude toward frugality had positive effects for gas and electricity reduction. For automobile use reduction, neither environmental concern nor attitude toward frugality had significant effects. The relationship between attitude toward frugality and mottainai, that is a Japanese concept indicating respect for resources, is then discussed, and it is suggested that educating people to have not only a high level of environmental concern but also a positive attitude toward frugality would be an effective means of promoting pro-environmental behavior. 相似文献
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汽车尾气污染的危害及防治对策探讨——以乌鲁木齐市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着乌鲁木齐市社会经济的发展,汽车保有量大幅增加,给人们生活带来方便的同时,大量尾气外排对城区大气环境造成了污染。文章分析了汽车尾气排放污染物的种类,以及对人体产生的危害。面对环境污染的严峻形势,探讨了开发清洁能源,发展低污染环保型交通工具的可行性。根据乌鲁木齐城市特点,提出了预防或减轻汽车尾气污染的方法和措施。 相似文献