生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附法是目前处理含金属废水的一种较有效的方法,特别是对于低浓度废水的处理优势明显。生物吸附法处理废水亦可达到以废治废的目的。本文就生物吸附领域目前研究状况进行了概述,主要包括了生物吸附剂对金属离子的吸附作用,生物吸附机理以及固定化吸附的应用研究。     

吸附树脂在废水处理中的应用

介绍了吸附树脂在废水处理（重点介绍处理含酚废水、含酸废水、含磺胺废水）中的应用。吸附树脂法处理废水具有可深度净化、处理效率高、对有机物有浓缩分离的优点，效果明显，在实际中有较大应用前景，具有显著的环境效益和经济效益，在水处理领域必将得到更为深入的应用。     

褐煤活性焦吸附难降解有机废水研究进展

褐煤活性焦是一种以褐煤为主要原料制备的具有吸附和催化功能的新型环保材料,其特点是中孔发达,表面含有多元含氧官能团,优先吸附大分子难降解有机污染物,已广泛用于废气和废水的处理。褐煤活性焦处理难降解有机废水主要有煤化工废水、炸药废水、石油废水、印染废水等,其机理是氢键作用、化学吸附。褐煤活性焦吸附量较小,可通过改性、二次利用等提高吸附量。饱和活性焦可再生或资源化利用以提高利用率、减少二次污染。     

粉煤灰处理染料废水的研究

利用粉煤灰吸附性能较好、来源广泛及价格低廉等特点,对染料废水进行吸附试验研究。结果表明,粉煤灰的活化方式、粒度及用量对染料废水吸附性能有影响。160—200目30%硫酸活化粉煤灰吸附能力最强,且对染料废水的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温曲线,最大吸附量为667mg/g。     

物理吸附法处理制药废水

针对青海制药集团公司排放废水污染浓度大、水量小的特点，采用炉渣—活性炭吸附来处理制药废水，不但实用有效，而且投资小，工艺简单，操作简便。处理后废水ＣＯＤ 得到大幅度削减，效果显著     

邻甲苯酚生产含酚废水处理试验

采用活性炭吸附和过氧化氢氧化两步联合处理邻甲苯酚生产含酚废水。通过试验得到活性炭吸附等温方程，活性炭去除COD负荷为550（mg/g－活性炭）；氧化处理的最佳配比，以及过氧化氢投加量等处理工艺条件。在试验选定的最佳条件下处理废水，挥发酚的去除率达100％，CODcr去除率达95％。     

土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物吸附作用研究

分析了钻井废水中有机污染物在土壤中吸附的机理,对吸附量和有机负荷的关系进行了阐述;针对钻井废水有机污染物在土壤中的吸附和解吸过程进行了实验研究。实验表明:钻井废水中有机污染物在土壤中的吸附量与土壤有机负荷的关系符合初始质量等温线;土壤中天然有机质含量越高,对钻井废水中有机污染物吸附能力越强;土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物具有一定的持久吸附作用;天然有机质含量越高的土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物的持久吸附能力越强。     

稠油废水深度处理中试研究

为解决稠油废水达标排放问题，构建了5m3/h中试实验装置，以经过除油、浮选和过滤预处理的 富含溶解性有机化合物、氮磷缺乏的低浓度难生化稠油废水为原水，开展了半饱和褐煤活性焦预吸附-生物降解-活性焦吸附、活性焦吸附-生物降解-臭氧催化氧化、臭氧催化预氧化-生物降解-臭氧催化氧化3种不同组合工艺 深度处理稠油废水研究。实验各运行30d。结果表明：在确保处理后水质满足辽宁省DB21/1627—2008《污水综合排放标准》的条件下，3种工艺成本均可控制在6元/m3以内，半饱和褐煤活性焦预吸附-生物降解-活性焦-吸附工艺处理效果最好，成本最低，仅为4.31元/m3。采用吸附生化出水且尚未饱和的活性焦吸附原水，既提 高了活性焦的利用率，也降低了生化降解的负荷，为稠油污水处理厂深度处理达标外排工程建设提供了技术依据。     

壳聚糖吸附处理废水的研究进展

壳聚糖吸附处理废水的研究包括其对废水吸附性能和吸附机理的研究两个方面。壳聚糖表现出了良好的吸附废水中重金属离子、染料分子和其它易引起变异物质的能力;壳聚糖对金属离子和染料的吸附机理模型研究理论意义重大,它将进一步推动壳聚糖的实际工程应用。     

草煤吸附制革有色废水脱色的试验

用阿坝草煤对阿坝州制革厂有色废水脱色的研究试验,我们分吸附工艺<一>和吸附动力学<二>两部分进行。吸附工艺作了静态和动态试验,虽然对吸附机理还不十分清楚,但是能脱去有色废水的颜色,经吸附处理后的水,色废上能达到     

Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides on a Mediterranean soil affected by wastewater, dissolved organic matter and salts

Irrigation with treated wastewaters as an alternative in countries with severe water shortage may influence the sorption of pesticides and their environmental effects, as wastewater contains higher concentrations of suspended and dissolved organic matter and inorganic compounds than freshwater. We have examined the sorption behaviour of three highly hydrophobic pesticides (the herbicide pendimethalin and the insecticides α-cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on a Mediterranean agricultural soil using the batch equilibration method. We considered wastewater, extracts from urban sewage sludge with different dissolved organic carbon contents, and inorganic salt solutions, using Milli Q water as a control. All pesticides were strongly retained by soil although some sorption occurred on the walls of the laboratory containers, especially when wastewater and inorganic salt solutions were used. The calculation of distribution constants by measuring pesticide concentrations in soil and solution indicated that pendimethalin sorption was not affected whereas α-cypermethrin and deltamethrin retention were significantly enhanced (ca. 5 and 2 times, respectively) when wastewater or salt solutions were employed. We therefore conclude that the increased sorption of the two pesticides caused by wastewater cannot be only the result of its dissolved organic carbon content, but also of the simultaneous presence of inorganic salts in the solution.     

新疆某油区土壤污染状况研究

对新疆某油区的土壤污染状况进行研究,以期为石油开采区土壤生态环境保护与治理提供基础资料。通过对新疆某油区内的土壤环境状况调查发现,油田开发过程中产生的钻井废水、原油脱出水、井下作业废水、钻井废弃泥浆、钻井岩屑、污水处理厂污泥、罐底油泥是土壤污染的重要来源;该油区土壤受油田开发活动的影响,石油类、铬、总盐的含量升高,土壤有机质含量降低,pH趋于弱酸性。油气田开发项目应加强对污染物的管理,及时完善环保措施,并建立有效的环境管理制度,将油气田开发活动对环境的影响降到最低。     

Regeneration of spent organoclays after the sorption of organic pollutants: A review

Clay minerals modified with organic ions, also known as organoclays, have found applications in a wide range of organic pollution control fields because of their excellent sorption capacity towards organic pollutants. Regeneration of the spent organoclays after the sorption of organic pollutants is of great importance during their application in pollution control. In this review, the reported methods for the regeneration of the spent organoclays are summarized, including biological degradation, photo-assisted oxidation, chemical extraction/desorption, supercritical extraction, thermal desorption, et al. The characteristics and applications of these methods are briefly described. It shows that most of these methods have been developed for regenerating spent organoclays from wastewater treatment. The biological regeneration method, as an in situ, low cost and easy-operating method, is applicable for regenerating spent organoclays not only from wastewater treatment, but also from soil and groundwater remediation.     

乐昌Pb/Zn矿区水稻土中Pb的形态分布特征

对多年利用矿山废水灌溉的水稻土中Pb的化学形态、植物有效态和动物／人有效态进行了分析研究。结果表明，土壤中Pb的碳酸盐结合态、可交换态、有机结合态和Fe-Mn氧化物结合态含量分别是363、338、185和155mg／kg，其总和占总Pb含量的72．70％，表明其较高的环境敏感性；动物／人有效态Pb含量为1085mg／kg。土壤有机态Pb与植物中Pb含量相关性最高，表明用有机态表征土壤Pb的植物有效态比惯常使用的DTPA态要好。植物有效态与动物／人有效态含量相比，前者为后者的17．05％，表明土壤Pb污染对当地动物／人的潜在生态危害远远大于水稻等农作物；Fe-Mn氧化物结合态Pb与植物有效态（即有机结合态）及动物／人有效态Pb相关性最好，表明该形态对土壤Pb的生物有效性具有积极作用。     

Winery wastewater treatment using the land filter technique

This study outlines a new approach to the treatment of winery wastewater by application to a land FILTER (Filtration and Irrigated cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) system. The land FILTER system was tested at a medium size rural winery crushing ～20,000 tonnes of grapes. The approach consisted of a preliminary treatment through a coarse screening and settling in treatment ponds, followed by application to the land FILTER planted to pasture. The land FILTER system efficiently dealt with variable volumes and nutrient loads in the wastewater. It was operated to minimize pollutant loads in the treated water (subsurface drainage) and provide adequate leaching to manage salt in the soil profile. The land FILTER system was effective in neutralizing the pH of the wastewater and removing nutrient pollutants to meet EPA discharge limits. However, suspended solids (SS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) levels in the subsurface drainage waters slightly exceeded EPA limits for discharge. The high organic content in the wastewater initially caused some soil blockage and impeded drainage in the land FILTER site. This was addressed by reducing the hydraulic loading rate to allow increased soil drying between wastewater irrigations. The analysis of soil characteristics after the application of wastewater found that there was some potassium accumulation in the profile but sodium and nutrients decreased after wastewater application. Thus, the wastewater application and provision of subsurface drainage ensured adequate leaching, and so was adequate to avoid the risk of soil salinisation.     

Bioremediation of residual fertilizer nitrate: II. Soil redox potential and soluble iron as indicators of soil health during treatment

The prospect of using wastewater containing high loads of soluble organic matter (OM) for removing residual agricultural chemicals (fertilizer, pesticide, or herbicide) in farm soil, although promising, could have adverse effects on soil agricultural quality as a result of development of redoximorphic features in the soil profile. In this study, the effect of organic carbon supplement for bioremediation of residual fertilizer nitrate on soil properties, redox potential (Eh), pH, and metal ion mobilization was studied using sandy soils packed in columns. The study was included in a general project, described elsewhere (Ugwuegbu et al., 2000), undertaken to evaluate use of controlled water table management (WTM) systems to supply organic carbon for creating a reduced environment conducive to denitrification of residual fertilizer nitrate leaching from the farm to subsurface water. The columns were subjected to subirrigation with water containing soluble organic carbon in the form of glucose. The work was carried out in two experimental setups and the long-term effect of a range of glucose concentrations on the Eh, pH, and soluble levels of Fe and Mn was investigated. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that excessive organic carbon supplement to soil can have adverse effects on soil quality and that Eh and soluble Fe are the two most practical parameters for monitoring soil health during treatment of farm chemicals.     

混合化工污水处理工艺的试验研究

本文介绍了利用混凝沉淀一生物接触氧化法治理混合化工污水的试验工艺选择,对生化进水的预处理工作进行了初步的探索,在生化试验中,研究了水力停留时间和有机负荷对污水处理效果的影响,并观察了微生物的生长和发展规律,初步探讨了其动力学模型,试验证明：本法能有效地处理混合化工污水,在适宜的条件下,ＣＯＤｃｒ、ＢＯＤ５的去除率可达５５％和９０％以上,色度和ＳＳ的去除率分别可达８０％和５０％以上。     

Phosphorus leaching at cold temperatures as affected by wastewater application and soil phosphorus levels

Land application of wastewater in the northern-tier United States during winter months has been suggested as a means to reduce cost of building storage lagoons. A study was initiated in 1996 to assess land application of potato-processing wastewater on a 120-ha field at Park Rapids, MN. One objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil P levels and temperature on P leaching in soil columns. In this paper, we report the P sorption, desorption, and leaching characteristics of a high-P (>200 mg kg(-1)) and a low-P (<25 mg kg(-1)) surface soil from the wastewater irrigation site. The leaching experiment was done with wastewater at 4 +/- 2 or 10 +/- 2 degrees C. The high-P soil resulted in an equilibrium P concentration of 8.0 mg L(-1) compared with 0.14 mg L(-1) for the low-P soil. When low-P wastewater was applied to the high-P soil, the soil acted as a P source, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the leachate was 3.5 times higher than the input TP concentration (C0). When high-P wastewater was applied to the high-P soil, the soil acted as a P sink retarding the TP concentration in the leachate by 80%. Phosphorus desorption was higher at 10 degrees C compared with 4 degrees C. The results showed that depending on P levels of the soil and the wastewater, reduction or increase in leachate P will occur below the surface soil. However, further mobility of this P under field conditions will depend on the volume and rate of percolating water as well as the sorption-desorption characteristics of the subsoil.     

茶粕有机肥的开发与利用

论述了生物有机肥在发展农业生产中的重要地位,以及生产中存在着的大量使用集约化畜禽养殖场的畜禽粪对土壤、水体等环境质量和农产品质量安全产生严重影响的问题,提出以茶粕作为原料生产有机肥具有生产过程相对安全、克服有机肥二次污染的优点.此外,茶叶次生代谢物茶多酚、茶色素、茶皂素和茶皂甙等具有抗氧化、清除自由基、络合金属离子、调节植物生长和生物防虫、灭虫等独特生理功效,将极大地提高茶粕有机肥的生物有效性,显示出其广阔的应用前景.