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1.
Solid phase reactions of Cr(Ⅵ) with Fe(0) were investigated with spherical-aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(Cs-STEM) integrated with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy(XEDS). Near-atomic resolution elemental mappings of Cr(Ⅵ)–Fe(0) reactions were acquired. Experimental results show that rate and extent of Cr(Ⅵ) encapsulation are strongly dependent on the initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in solution. Low Cr loading in nZⅥ(1.0 wt%) promotes the electrochemical oxidation and continuous corrosion of n ZⅥ while high Cr loading(1.0 wt%) can quickly shut down the Cr uptake. With the progress of iron oxidation and dissolution, elements of Cr and O counter-diffuse into the nanoparticles and accumulate in the core region at low levels of Cr(Ⅵ)(e.g., 10 mg/L). Whereas the reacted n ZⅥ is quickly coated with a newly-formed layer of 2–4 nm in the presence of concentrated Cr(Ⅵ)(e.g., 100 mg/L). The passivation structure is stable over a wide range of pH unless pH is low enough to dissolve the passivation layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) depth profiling reconfirms that the composition of the newly-formed surface layer consists of Fe(Ⅲ)–Cr(Ⅲ)(oxy)hydroxides with Cr(Ⅵ) adsorbed on the outside surface. The insoluble and insulating Fe(Ⅲ)–Cr(Ⅲ)(oxy)hydroxide layer can completely cover the n ZⅥ surface above the critical Cr loading and shield the electron transfer. Thus, the fast passivation of nZⅥ in high Cr(Ⅵ) solution is detrimental to the performance of nZⅥ for Cr(Ⅵ) treatment and remediation. 相似文献
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Mochizuki M Sasaki R Yamashita Y Akinaga M Anan N Sasaki S Hondo R Ueda F 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,77(2):155-161
The Mo contents and the relations between Mo and Cu or Crcontents were investigated in the organs of Japanese wild ducks(spotbill duck, pintail, wigeon, scaup and tufted duck). Thehighest Mo content in kidney and liver of the dabbling duckswere more than 30 g g-1 dry weight (g g-1 d.wt.), though that of diving ducks were less than 11 gg-1 d. wt. The contents were lower in the ducks migratingwithin Japan, Eurasia and North America than those in the birdsmigrating between Japan and Eurasia. The contents of liver inall species were more than 50 and less than 5 g g-1 d.wt. for Cu and Cr, respectively. Significant correlations werefound between Mo and both elements in pintail and scaup, and Moand Cr in tufted duck. These results suggest that thecontamination of wild ducks reflects the reproductive area, andnot the collected area. Mo contents closely correlated with theCu and/or Cr contaminations. 相似文献
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Rodríguez-Maroto JM García-Delgado RA Gómez-Lahoz C Vereda-Alonso C García-Herruzo F Muñoz MP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,89(2):165-177
Lead and cadmium contamination of an agricultural soil has been studied using batch and column experiments. Thermodynamics of theretention phenomena may be represented by a Langmuir isotherm foran aqueous metal concentration up to 100 mg L-1. First order kinetics with respect to the solid phase yield good predictabilityfor both batch and column experiments. Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead retention predominate over those ofcadmium. As a consequence, lead is preferentially retainedand can even displace sorbed cadmium. In the event of anspill involving both metals, cadmium would move further inthe soil and its aqueous concentration downstream could beeven higher than that of the influent solution, increasingpotential risks. A two-region model has been used to fit all the experimental results. Satisfactory predictions for column experiments are obtained with parameters which are consistent with those obtained for the batch experiments, for which sorption is described by a Langmuir isotherm including competitive retention. 相似文献
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对珠江河口及近海水域样品中Cu的总含量以及颗粒态、游离态Cu含量进行分析,结果发现,Cu的总浓度有随河口向外海递增的趋势,并非完全体现陆源性规律。说明研究水域中Cu不仅可能具有其他来源,同时在很大程度上受到沿岸上升流的影响。但是游离态Cu的分布却表现相反的规律,无论是游离态Cu的浓度还是游离态Cu在总Cu中所占的份额都自河口向外海随盐度的增加而降低。说明Cu的形态分布在更大程度上取决于水体的理化性质。本研究还逶过对不同盐度水样的杜氏藻培养后Cu吸收量的测定,即逶过Cu对藻类的生物有效性验证了Cu形态的分布规律。 相似文献
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讨论了铜在淡水藻(Scenedesmus subspicatus86.81SAG)细胞壁和细胞内分布规律,以及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和水体腐殖酸(FA)存在下对铜分布的影响,研究结果表明,EDTA和FA的存在显著降低了细胞表面铜的吸附量,但是不影响细胞内铜的浓度,对测定数据进行分析。可以认为溶液相铜与EDTA或FA形成的铜络合物是生物无效形态,不参与铜在藻细胞壁上特定位点或生物配体的竞争结合反应。 相似文献
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铬渣的无害化处理和综合利用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
铬渣产量大、毒性剧烈 ,是严重污染生态环境和危害人类健康的危险废物。介绍了铬渣各种无害化处理方法的解毒机理、工艺过程和应用实践 ,阐述了对铬渣进行综合利用的途径 ,并就铬渣的防治前景提出了建议。 相似文献
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应用Al-Ferron法于悬浮体系中聚合铝的形态分布表征,对其中的主要影响因素进行探讨,就不同碱化度聚合铝的形态分析进行实例研究.结果表明,混合方式对Al-Feron法的应用具有一定的影响作用.比色管混合测得Ala为21.54%,低于磁力搅拌方式结果(24.52%,25.22%,25.06%).应用磁力搅拌方式可以获取较好的重复性与更多初期反应信息.颗粒物的存在对反应的影响主要取决于其浓度与粒度分布,成一定线性关系,可以从中加以扣除.在本实验范围内因其溶解所产生的影响可以忽略不计.对多个碱化度聚合铝的实例研究表明,Al-Feron法完全适用于颗粒物悬浮体系中的形态分布表征 相似文献
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