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51.
Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas,Nepal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Jie Huang Mika Sillanpää Chhatra Mani Sharma Zoe Lucia Lüthi Junming Guo Rukumesh Paudyal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2677-2687
Severe atmospheric pollution transported to Himalayas from South Asia may affect fragile ecosystem and can be harmful for human health in the region. In order to understand the atmospheric chemistry in the southern slope of central Himalayas, where the data is limited, precipitation has been sampled at four sites: Kathmandu (1,314 m), Dhunche (2,065 m), Dimsa (3,078 m), and Gosainkunda (4,417 m) in Nepal for over a 1-year period characterized by an urban, rural, and remote sites, respectively. HCO3 ? is the dominant anion, while the NH4 + is the dominant cation in precipitation at the four sites. Generally, most of ions (e.g., SO4 2?, NO3 ?, NH4 +, HCO3 ?, and Ca2+) have higher concentrations in urban site compared to the rural sites. Neutralization factor calculation showed that precipitation in the region is highly neutralized by NH4 + and Ca2+. Empirical orthogonal function and correlation analysis indicated that the precipitation chemistry was mostly influenced by crustal, anthropogenic, and marine sources in Nepal. Among different sites, urban area was mostly influenced by anthropogenic inputs and crustal dusts, whereas remote sites were mostly from marine and crustal sources. Seasonal variations show higher ionic concentrations during non-monsoon seasons mainly due to limited precipitation amount. On the other hand, lower ionic concentrations were observed during monsoon season when higher amount of precipitation washes out aerosols. Thus, precipitation chemistry from this work can provide a useful database to evaluate atmospheric environment and its impacts on ecosystem in the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal. 相似文献
52.
Shrestha RA Lama B Joshi J Sillanpää M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):303-307
Goal, scope, and background Arsenic contamination in groundwater creates severe health problems in the world. There are many physiochemical and biological
methods available for remediation of arsenic from groundwater. Among them, microbial remediation could be taken as one of
the least expensive methods, though it takes longer treatment time. The main objective of this research was to study the improvement
on remediation by addition of some essential ion salts such as Mn and Fe.
Materials and methods
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli were taken as model microbes from Dhulikhel, 30 km east from Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results and discussion Microbes used in this study showed different abilities in their removal of As(III) with and without addition of Mn and Fe
salts. The trend of remediation increased with time. S. aureus was found to be the best among the microbes used. It showed almost 100% removal after 48-h culture, both with and without
Fe and Mn salts. Rate of removal of As increased with addition of Fe and Mn for all microbes. Removal efficiency was found
to increase by about 32% on average after addition of salts in 24-h cultures of S. aureus. 相似文献
53.
The impact of Pb contamination was tested to five hydrolytic (beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase, beta-cellobiosidase, alpha-glucosidase and sulphatase) and two ligninolytic (manganese peroxidase, MnP and laccase) enzyme activities in the humus layer in the forest soil. The ability of eight selected litter-degrading fungi to grow and produce extracellular enzymes in the heavily Pb (40 g Pb of kg ww soil(-1)) contaminated and non-contaminated soil in the non-sterile conditions was also studied. The Pb content in the test soil was close to that of the shooting range at H?lv?l? (37 g Pb of kg ww soil(-1)) in Southern Finland. The fungi were Agaricus bisporus, Agrocybe praecox, Gymnopus peronatus, Gymnopilus sapineus, Mycena galericulata, Gymnopilus luteofolius, Stropharia aeruginosa and Stropharia rugosoannulata. The Pb contamination (40 g Pb of kg ww soil(-1)) was deleterious to all five studied hydrolytic enzyme activities after five weeks of incubation. All five hydrolytic enzyme activities were significantly higher in the soil than in the extract of the soil indicating that a considerable part of enzymes were particle bound in the soils. Hydrolytic enzyme activities were higher in the non-contaminated soil than in the Pb contaminated soil. Fungal inocula increased the hydrolytic enzyme activities beta-cellobiosidase and beta-glucosidase in non-contaminated soils. All five hydrolytic enzyme activities were similar with fungi and without fungi in the Pb contaminated soil. This was in line that Pb contamination (40 g Pb of kg ww soil(-1)) depressed the growth of all fungi compared to those grown without Pb in the soil. Laccase and MnP activities were low in both Pb contaminated and non-contaminated soil cultures. MnP activities were higher in soil cultures containing Pb than without Pb. Our results showed that Pb in the shooting ranges decreased fungal growth and microbial functioning in the soil. 相似文献
54.
Rokhina EV Sillanpää M Nolte MC Virkutyte J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(11):1304-1312
Novel catalytic adsorbent (ruthenium on carbon) was employed for the treatment of pulp mill effluent in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Mathematical model and optimization of the process regarding the most favorable COD (%), TOC (%) and color (%) removal rates was developed and performed with experimental design taking into account catalytic adsorption process kinetics. As the initial experimental design, 3(3-1) half-fractional factorial design (H-FFD) was accomplished at two levels to study the significance of the main effects, such as catalytic adsorbent (g l(-1)) and hydrogen peroxide (ppm) concentrations using the response surface methodology (RSM). Finally, a four factor-three coded level central composite design (CCD) with 28 runs was performed in order to fit a second-order polynomial model. Validation of the model was accomplished by different criteria including coefficient of determination and the corresponding analysis of variance. The achieved removal rates for TOC (up to 75%), COD (up to 73%) and color (up to 68%) were observed for the defined optimal conditions: 1g l(-1) of ruthenium on carbon, 7 ppm of hydrogen peroxide, pH = 4 and ambient temperature. The proposed method benefited significantly improved TOC, COD and color removal efficiency, regenerability and reusability of the catalytic adsorbent and unaltered initial pH of an effluent in comparison to traditional adsorption or oxidation processes. 相似文献
55.
Paudyal Rukumesh Kang Shichang Guo Junming Tripathee Lekhendra Sharma Chhatra Mani Huang Jie Li Yang Yan Fangping Wang Kun Chen Jizu Qin Xiang Sillanpaa Mika 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51530-51543
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, samples of surface snow, surface ice, snow pit and meltwater from the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 on the northern edge of Tibetan Plateau... 相似文献
56.
Kumar Harendra Kumagai Shogo Kameda Tomohito Saito Yuko Yoshioka Toshiaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(2):461-469
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this study, we developed a one-pot wet ball-milling method for the recovery of highly pure copper wire, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coating, and... 相似文献
57.
Mika Nieminen Marjo Palviainen Sakari Sarkkola Ari Laurén Hannu Marttila Leena Finér 《Ambio》2018,47(5):523-534
Drained peatlands are an important source of forest biomass in boreal regions and ditch network maintenance (DNM) operations may be needed to restore the drainage functions of ditches. By reviewing the available literature, as well as utilizing an existing hydrological model and analyzing the characteristics of eroded sediments, we assessed the impacts of DNM on runoff and exports of suspended solids (SS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). In general, DNM had minor impact on runoff and dissolved N and P, and it decreased rather than increased DOC exports. To increase the understanding of the hydrochemical impacts of DNM, future research should focus on the characteristics of SS and particulate nutrient exports. A major gap in knowledge is also the very limited regional representativeness of the available studies. High erosion risk in the ditches reaching the mineral soil below peat should be acknowledged when planning mitigation measures. 相似文献
58.
Kumagai Shogo Hirahashi Suguru Grause Guido Kameda Tomohito Toyoda Hiroshi Yoshioka Toshiaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):439-449
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) woven fibers are one of the hardest-to-recycle polymeric materials. Herein we... 相似文献
59.
Kumagai Shogo Grause Guido Kameda Tomohito Yoshioka Toshiaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):282-293
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Recycling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is complicated by the presence of flame retardants containing halogen and phosphorus, as the degradation... 相似文献
60.
Emmanuelle Vulliet Mikaël Tournier Antoine Vauchez Laure Wiest Robert Baudot Florent Lafay Agneta Kiss Cécile Cren-Olivé 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7512-7521
To collect a complete dataset regarding the occurrence of organic substances in groundwater, this study presents the examination of 66 organic contaminants in the groundwater of overseas departments, including pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones and some industrial substances. The selective and sensitive analytical methods are described. These techniques begin with solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS). The paper summarises the analytical results from 40 sampling points collected during two campaigns in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, Mayotte and Guiana, representing 80 samples. Of the 66 target substances, 36 were determined at least once. Among the most frequently detected are bisphenol A (frequency, 96 %; max., 7,400 ng/L), caffeine (frequency, 91 %; max., 1,240 ng/L), pentachlorophenol (frequency, 55 %; max., 418 ng/L), and carbamazepine (frequency, 56 %; max., 22 ng/L). The results do not put in evidence that the origin of the sample or climatic characteristics of these regions influence the dilution and release of micropollutants. 相似文献