服装热湿舒适性能评价方法综述1

评价服装热湿舒适性能的方法有很多,包括主观和客观评价,物理、生理和心理方面的评价,以及各种具体的评价方法,但是一直没有对这些方法进行全面汇总研究.本文正是基于以上目的,对于服装热湿舒适性能研究中所用到的评价方法及其适用性逐一分析,最后对全面评价服装热湿舒适性能给出建议.     

我国城市可持续发展能力的评价

应用社会、经济、资源、环境四大类系统的２４个指标，分别采用数理统计、加权迭加、系统聚类等数学分析方法，对我国３０个大城市的可持续发展能力进行了综合分析与评价，并且选用协调度与综合评价值双重指标对各类城市发展战备进行分类指导与科学决策。     

Analysis on the Evolution of Regional Economic Disparity in the West Coast of the Strait

With the implementation of reform and opening-up, the overall economy of China has made brilliant achievements; meanwhile, however, the economic disparity has been enlarging among some regions, and between the city and the countryside. The existence and evolution of this kind of economic disparity is concerned with social stability, sustainable development and the construction of harmonious society, which has gradually become the hotspot in social economic development. The West Coast of the Strait （WCS） located in southeast littoral areas is adjacent to the Pearl and Yangtze River Delta in the south and north and faces Taiwan Province in the east. The stability and development of this region has vital political and economic meaning in the social economic development of our country. It has important theoretical meaning and practical value to research the form, characteristics and evolution of regional economic disparity in the WCS. Based on insightful analysis on existing study results on the WCS, the paper defines the connotation and extension. By a series of absolute and comparative relative evaluation indexes and taking the WCS since 1992 as the study object, the paper makes analysis on different scales including three regions, four regions, 20 cities and 152 counties, quantitatively evaluates the level, characteristics and evolution of the regional economic disparity and compares the regional economic disparity on different scales. The main conclusions are as follows： the variation trend of the absolute disparity of the whole region is obvious and stable, which has presented an inflating trend; the comparative variation trend on a large scale has waved, The comparative disparity of the three regions increased annually from 1992 to around 2000, which had a decreasing trend from around 2000 to 2005; the comparative variation trend on a small scale was not stable, which showed an annual increase of four regions, 20 cities and 152 counties from 1992 to around 2003 and a decrease from around 2003 to 2005; the     

广州城市湿地的景观特点及小气候效应

研究了广州城市湿地景观特点,对广州市5个不同类型湿地周边的气温、相对湿度及风速进行了一年的测定,分析了城市湿地周边的小气候效应.广州市湿地总面积为74 373 hm2,占国土面积的10%,其中老城区的湿地面积为18 400hm2,占老城区国土面积的15.8%.广州市老城区湿地斑块平均密度(以每10 000 hm2面积内拥有的湿地斑块数计)为2.8块,平均距离为3 270 m.气温随着与湿地距离的增大逐渐升高,200 m观测点的年平均气温比水边高0.8℃.相对湿度的变化与温度的变化相反,随着与湿地距离的增大而降低,200 m观测点的年平均相对湿度比水边低2.4%.湿地周围的平均风速(在100 m范围内)随与湿地距离的增大而降低.市郊湿地与市区内最高温的湿地比,年平均气温低2.7℃,夏季平均气温低1.1 ℃,冬季平均气温低4.1℃.气温的日变化呈单峰型,夏季13:00达到最高,冬季15:00达到最高.相对湿度的日变化和气温的日变化相反,早晨最高,13:00-15:00最低.市郊湿地的日平均相对湿度较市区内湿地高,夏季最大差值达7.5%;冬季最大差值达17.4%.风速的日变化冬季基本呈单峰型,1 d中以11:00的风速较大.夏季13:00风速有所下降,1 d中以15:00-17:00的风速较大.市郊湿地的日平均风速较市区内湿地夏季高30%,冬季高60%.气温和空气相对湿度的季节变化呈单峰型.     

煤燃烧超细颗粒物的粒径分布及数浓度排放特征试验

利用快速迁移率粒径谱仪(fast mobility particle sizer,FMPS)对煤燃烧排放的超细颗粒物粒径分布特征进行测量研究,并对单位质量煤粉燃烧产生的超细颗粒物数量排放因子进行分析.结果表明,煤燃烧超细颗粒物数浓度粒径谱呈对数双峰分布,颗粒几何平均粒径(the geometry mean diameter,GMD)约为23.1 nm.在燃烧阶段,煤燃烧超细颗粒物数浓度随时间呈指数增长,各模态颗粒物数浓度与煤粉量呈线性相关关系,单位质量煤粉燃烧产生的核模态颗粒物数量排放因子为(1.50±0.64)×1010个·mg-1,爱根核模态颗粒为(1.18±0.56)×1010个·mg-1,积聚模态颗粒物为(0.19±0.06)×1010个·mg-1,总颗粒物为(2.87±1.09)×1010个·mg-1.在扩散过程中,颗粒粒径随时间呈线性增长,粒径增长速率与煤粉量呈线性相关关系.单位质量煤粉燃烧排放的颗粒粒径平均增长速率为7.5 nm·h-1·mg-1.     

QSPR study on soil sorption coefficient for persistent organic pollutants

Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models of soil sorption coefficients for 32 persistent organic pollutants were constructed using our recently introduced Lu index and novel distance-based atom-type DAI topological indices. Using multiple linear regression technique, a 6-variable model was obtained with the correlation coefficient of estimations (R) being 0.95, and the standard error of estimations (s) being 0.23, and the correlation coefficient (R(cv)) and the standard error (s(cv)) in the leave-4-out cross-validation procedure are 0.90 and 0.31, respectively. The results in this study indicate that soil sorption coefficients of POPs are dominated by molecular size while some DAI indices have smaller influence.     

基于人体健康模型（IEUBK、ALM）的温岭地区土壤环境铅基准值研究

以浙江温岭市人群(孕妇、儿童)为研究对象,借鉴国际上认可度较高的由美国国家环境保护署开发的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK)及成人血铅模型(ALM),采用实验室检测、问卷调查、文献查询等多种方式优化模型参数,推导出该区域基于人群健康风险的土壤环境铅基准值分别为180 mg·kg-1(IEUBK)、555.6 mg·kg-1(ALM),低于英美等发达国家不同场地铅土壤环境基准值.同时,对2种模型参数进行蒙特卡罗分析,探讨模型单因子变化对预测结果造成的影响.结果发现,IEUBK模型参数中空气、饮用水2种介质的铅暴露浓度敏感性均为50.8%,ALM模型中育龄妇女血铅含量几何标准差GSD、根据设定目标血铅浓度时保护人群的概率水平取值n等参数均呈负敏感性,且敏感性最高分别为-39.6%、-19.5%.由敏感性分析结果可知,呼吸暴露途径对模型结果的影响较为显著且普遍高于经口暴露,但由于经口暴露累加的消化吸收量较高,对模型的预测结果也造成一定程度的影响.本研究中优化模型参数提高推导结果的灵敏度可使预测结果更为科学、准确,降低其不确定性,可为后期我国污染土壤铅基准值的制定提供理论依据.此外,需要说明的是,模型涉及的人群铅暴露途径受体为美国人群,是否完全适合中国人群尚需要进一步研究.     

厌氧折流板反应器处理土霉素废水的潜能和运行特性研究

采用固定水力停留时间(HRT)、逐步提高进水土霉素(OTC)浓度的方式,考察了四格室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理土霉素废水的潜能和运行特性,以期为工程实践提供理论指导和技术参考.结果表明,ABR在pH=7.00~7.50、(35±1)℃、HRT=24 h、进水初始COD为2000.0mg·L-1的条件下启动,经49 d的运行,在进水COD为4500.0 mg·L-1、OTC为0.1 g·m-3·d-1、pH=7.20条件下达到了稳定状态,系统COD去除效率稳定在95.0%左右.在维持进水COD和HRT不变的条件下,通过增加进水OTC浓度的方式将OTC的负荷分阶段提高为1.0、3.3和5.0g·m-3·d-1的过程中,ABR对OTC的去除率略有下降,从59.9%降低到了57.7%,而对COD的去除率则始终保持在95%上下.可见,ABR处理土霉素废水具有有效性和运行稳定性,是值得深入研发的土霉素废水处理工艺.     

Synthesis of highly effective absorbents with waste quenching blast furnace slag to remove Methyl Orange from aqueous solution

Water quenching blast furnace slag(WQBFS) is widely produced in the blast furnace iron making process. It is mainly composed of CaO, MgO, Al_2O_3, and SiO_2 with low contents of other metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Ti, K and Na. In this study, WQBFS was treated with grinding, hydrochloric acid acidification, filtration, filtrate extraction by alkali liquor and a hydration reaction. Then BFS micropowder(BFSMP), BFS acidified solid(BFSAS) and BFS acid-alkali precipitate(BFSAP) were obtained, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)specific surface area. The decoloration efficiency for Methyl Orange(MO) was used to evaluate the adsorptive ability of the three absorbents. The effects of adsorptive reaction conditions(p H and temperature of solution, reaction time, sorbent dosage and initial concentration) on MO removal were also investigated in detail. The results indicated that BFSAP performed better in MO removal than the other two absorbents. When the p H value of MO solutions was in the range 3.0–13.0, the degradation efficiency of a solution with initial MO concentration of 25 mg/L reached 99.97% for a reaction time of 25 min at 25°C.The maximum adsorption capacity of BFSAP for MO was 167 mg/g. Based on optimized experiments, the results conformed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Among inorganic anions, SO_4~(2-)and PO_4~(3-)had significant inhibitory effects on MO removal in BFSAP treatment due to ion-exchange adsorption.     

区域碳排放效率评价及影响因素分析

以长三角、珠三角与京津冀三大经济圈为研究对象,运用考虑非期望产出SBM模型、Malmquist全要素生产率指数模型分析碳排放效率的静态、动态变化特征和差异性,并进一步探讨三大经济圈碳排放效率影响因素的作用效果.结果表明,2007—2016年间三大经济圈的碳排放效率整体上水平较低,三大经济圈碳排放效率在时序上的变动都经历了高值波动、持续下降和低值波动阶段.从Malmquist指数分解情况来看,技术退步是全要素生产率下降的主要原因,规模效率存在不足,全要素生产率整体水平有待提高,碳排放效率提升空间巨大.地区产业结构、能源利用效率、外资依存度、城市化水平等因素对三大经济圈的碳排放效率影响显著,技术进步水平与其他因素相比对碳排放效率的影响效果并不明显.