Falcon离心分选机回收废弃电路板金属的灰色模型研究

电子废弃物的资源化既能实现资源的二次利用,又能防止环境污染,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论述了Falcon离心分选机分选电路板的机制,并对小于0.5mm废弃电路板中金属富集体进行了分选试验。运用GM(0,N)模型对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板建立了分选灰色模型,与实际分选结果比较表明,该模型精度很高。该模型可以对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板金属的分选试验结果进行预测。     

Hybridization of the natural antibiotic, cinnamic acid, with layered double hydroxides (LDH) as green pesticide

Background, aim, and scope  

Heavy application of highly toxic synthetic pesticides has been committed to protect crops against insects and diseases, which have brought about serious environmental problems. Thus, an inevitable and fundamental issue has been how to protect crops without harmful effects on nature. As a fascinating nature-compatible approach, we have attempted to hybridize soil-compatible layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with natural antibiotic substances. Only a few of natural antibiotic substances are available for pest control mainly because of their inherent properties such as easy degradability, high minimum inhibition concentration for practical application, and often extremely low availability, whereas LDHs exhibit unique properties such as anion exchange capacity, acid lability, and high affinity to ubiquitous carbonate ion which make them an excellent inorganic matrix to carry labile biomolecules in soils. This study focuses on the behavior of cinnamate–LDH hybrid in soils and the evaluation of its potentials as a green pesticide.     

电化学预处理提高剩余污泥好氧消化性能研究

采用电化学方法对好氧消化处理前的剩余污泥(以下简称污泥)进行预处理,考察了不同预处理条件对污泥有机物(以MLVSS来表征)的去除效果,探讨了电化学预处理对污泥好氧消化效率的影响。结果表明,以网状钛涂钌电极板为电极,在pH为11.00,极板间距为2.0cm,工作电压为15V,气体搅拌作用下电解30min后,污泥(初始质量浓度为20.04g/L)的MLVSS去除率达9.7%。污泥经过电化学预处理后,在自然温度(10～15℃)下进行好氧消化处理,14d后MLVSS去除率达40.1%,而同期未经预处理的污泥MLVSS去除率为33.2%,并于20d后达40.2%。经电化学预处理后污泥的好氧消化效率显著提高,大大缩短了污泥好氧消化的时间。     

特种设备安全监察工作新模式初探--以广州市从化区为例

特种设备与我们的生产和生活息息相关,近年来,面对着瞬息万变的市场信息和环境,特种设备安全监察工作遇到了新的机遇和挑战,过去监管模式固有的短板也较为明显地显现出来,作为安全监察部门,构建一个新的监管模式是亟待研究的课题,具有重大的实践价值和意义.本文拟从广州市从化区特种设备安全监察现状出发,初步探究特种设备安全监察工作的新模式,以促进监管方式的转变,提高监管和服务水平,进一步保障特种设备的安全运行.     

基于人因可靠性的间歇装置SIL分析与改进

IEC 61508和IEC 61511等标准针对连续工艺装置提出了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级评估方法。但对于间歇装置的SIL评估，受人因因素影响水平并未明确，且没有提出相应计算模型。以某六氟磷酸锂间歇生产装置典型SIS为例，采用HAZOP结合LOPA方法对其进行风险分析，在明确间歇生产装置存在人员中毒、窒息及燃烧爆炸风险的基础上，确定并验证其安全仪表系统的SIL，再依据间歇生产装置人工依赖性高，即部分安全仪表系统未接入自动联锁且需人工手动触发的特点，建立人因可靠性模型，来分析人因可靠性对安全仪表系统SIL的影响，并进行改进研究。研究结果表明:人因因素对安全仪表系统SIL有显著影响；可通过改变SIS元件冗余结构、测试策略并结合改进人因管理措施来提高SIL。     

后疫情时期的经济复苏与绿色发展:对立还是共赢

后疫情时期的大规模经济刺激计划引发了人们对绿色发展可能让位于经济复苏的担忧。尽管“绿色复苏”得到国内外广泛的呼吁和支持,但绿色是否意味着经济的妥协?绿色复苏可能面临怎样的挑战?这些问题的考量,对我国科学部署经济发展战略、完善顶层政策设计至关重要。基于疫情暴发以来的出行大数据、防疫管控措施等最新信息,构建细化经济复苏过程的全球疫情自适应模型,量化模拟不同复苏方案对经济、就业的拉动效应和碳排放影响。研究发现:以发展清洁能源和数字经济为主的绿色复苏方案对经济体量的拉动效应等同,甚至超过以化石能源和重工业为主的传统经济刺激方案;但前者面临的劳动力转型挑战可能拖慢经济复苏的进程。“绿色复苏”方案对我国经济体量的拉动效应比传统刺激方案高0.3%~14.8%,创造就业岗位数量变化-4%~3%,但同时需要近1亿人(约为初始就业人口总量的13%)跨行业就业,其中受疫情影响较大的中、低技能劳动者占96%以上。跨行业就业门槛和劳动者技能瓶颈可能增加劳动力流转匹配的时间成本,甚至带来“结构性失业”问题和社会不平等加剧的次生伤害。认为:经济复苏与绿色发展本质上不是对立的单选题,而是存在共赢的可能性。对“绿色复苏”在经济、就业和环境三方面正向协同效益的边界条件应有清醒认识和把握,仅仅关注经济拉动效应和创造就业岗位总量的潜在效益而忽视实现该理论效益的现实条件,可能会造成对经济刺激方案选择的误判。加强劳动力市场的灵活性、推动社会公正转型是提升经济系统韧性、实现复苏与绿色共赢的前瞻性举措。     

低水温条件下CAST工艺在城市污水处理厂的应用

本文主要介绍了CAST工艺应用于污水处理厂的工艺流程和相关特点,在低温条件下的运行成果分析,并且探讨了设计和运行过程当中的各种问题,目的就是为北方CAST工艺的城市污水处理厂,在冬季低进水温度的条件下的应用,提供相关的处理措施。     

Air pollution and hospital visits for acute upper and lower respiratory infections among children in Ningbo,China: A time-series analysis

Acute upper and lower respiratory infections are main causes of mortality and morbidity in children. Air pollution has been recognized as an important contributor to development and exacerbation of respiratory infections. However, few studies are available in China. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of air pollution on hospital visits for acute upper and lower respiratory infections among children under 15 years in Ningbo, China. Poisson generalized models were used to estimate the associations between air pollution and hospital visits for acute upper and lower respiratory infections adjusted for temporal, seasonal, and meteorological effects. We found that four pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and SO₂) were significantly associated with hospital visits for acute upper and lower respiratory infections. The effect estimates for acute upper respiratory infections tended to be higher (PM_2.5 ER = 3.46, 95% CI 2.18, 4.76; PM₁₀ ER = 2.81, 95% CI 1.93, 3.69; NO₂ ER = 11.27, 95% CI 8.70, 13.89; SO₂ ER = 15.17, 95% CI 11.29, 19.19). Significant associations for gaseous pollutants (NO₂ and SO₂) were observed after adjustment for particular matter. Stronger associations were observed among older children and in the cold period. Our study suggested that short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution was associated with hospital visits for acute upper and lower respiratory infections in Ningbo.     

辛硫磷和敌百虫协同抑制斑马鱼乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性

以辛硫磷和敌百虫为供试毒物,研究其对斑马鱼的单一和联合毒性效应。结果显示,辛硫磷和敌百虫对斑马鱼的96 h半致死浓度(96 h-LC_(50))值分别为6.482 mg·L~(-1)和27.877 mg·L~(-1);按照农药毒性分级标准,辛硫磷对斑马鱼是高毒,敌百虫对斑马鱼是中毒。在辛硫磷和敌百虫联合急性毒性实验中,24、48、72和96 h的相加指数均大于0,表明辛硫磷和敌百虫对斑马鱼的联合毒性为协同效应。采用生化法测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活性发现,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性与辛硫磷、敌百虫以及辛硫磷+敌百虫之间有显著的剂量-效应关系,而且联合作用毒性均大于单一作用毒性。     

Total and settling velocity-fractionated pollution potential of sewer sediments in Jiaxing,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sewer sediments and their associated contaminant released along with wet-weather discharges pose potential pollution risks to environment. This paper...