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111.
Methods for the preparation of a biodesulfurization biocatalyst using Rhodococcus sp 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several methods to prepare a biodesulfurization (BDS) biocatalyst were investigated in this study using a strain of Rhodococcus sp. 1awq. This bacterium could selectively remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the "4S" pathway. DBT, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium sulphate and mixed sulfur sources were used to study their influence on cell density, desulfurization activity, desulfurization ability, and the cost of biocatalyst production. In contrast to that observed from bacteria cultured in DBT, only partial desulfurization activity of strain 1awq was induced by DBT after cultivation in a medium containing inorganic sulfur as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst, prepared from culture with mixed sulfur sources, was found to possess desulfurization activity. With DMSO as the sole sulfur source, the desulfurization activity was shown to be similar to that of bacteria incubated in medium with DBT as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst prepared by this method with the least cost could remove sulfur from hydrodesulfurization (HDS)-treated diesel oil efficiently, providing a total desulfurization percent of 78% and suggesting its cost-effective advantage. 相似文献
112.
Georgiadis M Cai Y Solo-Gabriele HM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,141(1):22-29
The primary objective of this study was to develop a simple method that can be used to extract the more readily mobilizable and bioavailable arsenic species from soil and sediment while at the same time minimizing the transformation between (AsIII) and (AsV), the two most commonly found arsenic species in the environment. Several extraction strategies were evaluated using phosphate as extractant in combination with either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl), or sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NaDDC). The addition of EDTA in the phosphate solution did not prevent AsIII from oxidation. While promising results were shown when 1% NH2OH.HCl was added, conversion of AsIII began to occur with extended extraction time (> 12 h). Good results were achieved using 10 mM phosphate and 0.5% NaDDC where AsIII oxidation was clearly minimized. The combined phosphate and NaDDC solution was applied to several soil and sediment samples. AsIII spiked was quantitatively recovered in all soil types tested. 相似文献
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采用高通量分析方法对长江干流重庆段11个流域断面、2个市政污水处理厂进水和6个养殖场废水的潜在抗生素进行筛查,并结合抗生素使用调查探讨其来源。结果表明,(1)共检出83种抗生素,其中流域内检出36种,污水处理厂和养殖场废水中检出70种;磺胺间甲氧嘧啶检出率最高,在流域水体和废水的检出率分别为91%和55%,喹诺酮类是检出抗生素的主要类型;(2)长江干流重庆段下游检出抗生素数量高于上游检出抗生素;(3)有20种抗生素可能由上游携带和重庆市内排放2种方式进入流域,7种抗生素可能由上游携带入境,9种抗生素可能由重庆市内排放引入长江。 相似文献
115.
Gang Yu Qing Zhang Jun Huang Zhenxiao Cai Qian Sui 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(1):13-17
As a party of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China must submit its national implementation plan (NIP) for this convention. The strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important components of the NIP. Three problems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan—what are the key sources for applying the best available technology/best environmental practice (BAT/BEP) to reduce the release of dioxins? How about the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources? Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP? This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these problems. The list of key sources covering about half of the total dioxins release was determined considering four criteria. The capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins release. The priority analysis using the geographical information system (GIS) tool has revealed that castern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins release in China. 相似文献
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117.
本文详细阐述了用碎片常数与结构因子法估测农药在正辛醇与水相体系中分配系数的方法,并对60种农药分配系数的估测结果与用经典的摇瓶测试法得到的实测值进行了比较,结果表明:估测结果与实测值基本吻合,碎片常数和结构因子估测法可以作为获得农药分配系数的另一种途径。 相似文献
118.
细菌SOD对微生物紫外光辐射损伤的恢复作用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
将培养至对数中期的大肠杆菌、钝齿棒杆菌和啤酒酵母等3种微生物的细胞适度稀释液,分别涂布于培养皿上使受紫外光照射,在细胞受辐射后死亡率大于90%时停止照射,立即加入一定剂量的细菌超氧化物岐化酶(SOD),以观察SOD对微生物活力的恢复效应.结果表明,SOD可使受辐照的细胞存活率显著提高,且量效关系明显,而照前添加SOD则无上述效应.检测表明,紫外光照射可引发细菌的超弱发光,且该种超弱发光可因氧气的充入而瞬间增强,鲁米诺也能增强这种超弱发光,加入甘露醇对发光无影响.当紫外光照射后加入SOD能使发光强度大为减弱,表明此种超弱发光与的活动有关,并对SOD拮抗紫外线杀菌的机理作了讨论. 相似文献
119.
甲基异柳磷等四种农药的水解特性研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文测定了甲基异柳磷、单甲脒、克草胺、嘧啶氧磷等四种农药在不同温度和不同pH条件下的水解速率、探讨了影响水解的主要因素。结果表明,在中性水溶液中,25℃时四种农药的水解半衰期分别为:甲基异柳磷270.8d,单甲脒6.5d,克草胺602.7d,嘧啶氧磷55.9d;当温度升至50℃时,四种农药的水解速率均有不同程度的增加,增幅为原来的2.0—10.8倍;改变pH亦会影响水解速率,甲基异柳磷和单甲脒均随pH增加水解大大加快;克草胺则在中性及碱性条件下很稳定,在酸性条件下稳定性较差;而嘧啶氧磷在酸碱条件下都不如在中性条件下稳定。 相似文献
120.
Cai Jinlu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1991,3(1):117-124
Over 2 million tons of chromate residues as hazardous wastes have been accumulated from chromate production processes during the past more than 30 years in China. Some serious pollution problems have been caused due to no appropriate technology and management. Approaches are reviewed to pollution control of chromate residues by utilizing them as secondary resources in this paper. In addition to legislation for pollution control, chromate residues can be used as raw materials to produce a great diversity of useful industrial products. Strategies are also recommanded for the resourcefulization of chromate residues. 相似文献