米曲霉发酵厨余垃圾制备富酶产物的研究

为了探讨利用微生物发酵厨余垃圾产酶的最佳条件,实现厨余垃圾高值资源化,选取米曲霉为试验菌种,基于米曲霉BNCC142787 (简称“米曲霉B”)、米曲霉CGMCC3.4427 (简称“米曲霉C”)的生长特性解析,研究不同培养方式(静置、振荡)和培养温度(30、35、40 ℃)对米曲霉好氧发酵厨余垃圾产酶性能的影响. 结果表明:米曲霉B和米曲霉C分别在30 ℃和40 ℃、pH为6的培养条件下生长最佳;与静置培养相比,振荡培养可显著提高米曲霉菌丝体的形成和生长速率,促进淀粉酶和蛋白酶分泌. 米曲霉B在40 ℃下厨余垃圾好氧发酵48 h时蛋白酶活性最高,为66.64 U/g;在30 ℃下好氧发酵48 h时,其淀粉酶活性最佳,为129.44 U/g. 米曲霉C在40 ℃下、厨余垃圾好氧发酵96 h时蛋白质酶和淀粉酶活性均达到最高,分别为64.02和131.11 U/g. 研究显示,米曲霉B和米曲霉C产生蛋白酶与淀粉酶的能力相当,但米曲霉B生长速率快,所需发酵时间短,可在温和的条件下实现产酶,因此采用米曲霉B在40 ℃、好氧发酵48 h条件下进行酶源制备,可充分利用厨余垃圾中的营养物质获得富含淀粉酶和蛋白酶的产物,具有显著的应用潜力.      

海洋生物对微塑料迁移转化的调控作用

近年来,海洋微塑料污染已成为全球关注的重要环境问题。海洋中广泛存在的微塑料可被藻类吸附、微生物定植,亦可被海洋动物摄食并蓄积。生物与微塑料之间的相互作用必然会改变微塑料的物理、化学性质,及其在海洋中的迁移转化。因此,本文系统地阐述了海洋生物对微塑料的吸附、摄入、蓄积与排泄等关键过程;重点总结了微塑料在海洋生物过程(如排泄、与海洋雪团聚、形成生物膜以及生物扰动)影响下的沉降-埋藏等迁移过程;深入讨论了海洋动物对微塑料的摄食、消化过程以及微生物的分解作用导致的微塑料破碎、降解以及塑料添加剂和吸附污染物的释放过程及其机理。本文阐明了海洋生物对微塑料迁移转化的调控作用,为理解海洋微塑料的环境归趋提供理论依据。     

经济发达县域耕地土壤重金属污染评价及其影响因素分析

通过对昆山市14个区镇91个土壤样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg、Zn 8种重金属测定分析，对该市耕地土壤重金属污染进行评价并进行重金属污染的影响因素分析。结果表明，昆山市耕地土壤存在不同程度的轻微污染，重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg、Zn均超过国家土壤背景值，旱地、水田中均以Hg污染范围较广、变异系数较大。综合污染指数表现为水田（115）>旱地（100）。区镇耕地重金属污染评价表明千灯、陆扬、石浦、锦溪、石牌处于警戒值之内，蓬朗、周庄、张浦、正仪、周市、巴城、淀山湖、花桥、陆家轻度污染；昆山市耕地土壤中重金属元素均未超过土壤环境基本容量，能够保证作物品质和农业持续发展。同时，研究表明区域重金属轻微污染具有复合污染的特性，Cd、Pb相关性最高(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=0621 0)， Pb与Hg、Cu、Zn、Cu与Cr也有相关性（0438 7、0426 0、0350 9、0394 0），区域重金属的轻微污染受人为因素影响显著，研究指出应加强对区域优先控制污染物Hg、次优先控制污染物Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr的控制与治理。     

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目环保验收调查方法研究简

垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括：渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。     

Oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

This study was a preliminary step to evaluate the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([C₈mim]Cl) on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) by determining the effects on hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and by the comet assay. The results showed that [C₈mim]Cl had acute toxicity at concentrations above 20 mg L^?1, inducing oxidative stress and genotoxicity on fish liver cells. In respect to enzyme activities, [C₈mim]Cl induced changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione content the livers of fish exposed at 20–80 mg L^?1. [C₈mim]Cl at the same exposure level caused a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde level. The comet assay indicated that [C₈mim]Cl at 20–80 mg L^?1 induced genotoxicity in liver cells. With increased exposure concentration and time, the two comet parameters trailing rate and tail moment were significantly increased, with significant differences (P < 0.05) observed between control group and each treatment group. The present study shows that ionic liquids can be a threat to the health of aquatic organism when accidentally released to aquatic ecosystems.     

Interactions Among the Copper Species and Forms in Sea Water/Sediments and Copper Bioaccumulation in Oysters

Abstract

Earlier papers indicated that the first incident of green discoloration in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and the mass mortality observed in 1986 along the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal area were caused by the higher contents of total copper and copper species (mainly bioavailable and free ion) in sea water. the copper in sea water would be sorbed by suspended matter and transferred to sediments, and the copper in the sediments would also be desorbed to sea water. Processes of copper adsorption and desorption are the major factors influencing the contents of total copper and copper species in sea water and sediments. in this study, the Erhjin Chi sediments were mixed with sea water by a shaker technique. When the mixture was shaken for one hour, analogous to tidal mixing in estuaries, only copper desorption from sediments was observed. If the shaking time is increased for more than 3 hours, the copper released from the sediments was resorbed to the remaining solid phases. the higher the contents of mud (91.71%) and total copper (701 mg kg^?1) in sediments, the higher the copper desorption rate (1.86 ppm hr^?1) and copper adsorption rate (0.50 ppm hr^?1) were observed. in sediments containing lower mud (0.80%) and lower copper (43.5 mg kg^?1), the copper desorption and adsorption rates were 0.83 ppm hr^?1 and 0.22 ppm hr^?1, respectively. the interactions among the total copper and copper species in sea water and sediments, chemical and ecological parameters, and copper bioaccumulation in oysters in the Erhjin Chi estuarine and coastal area are also discussed.     

磁絮凝法处理DZA有机废水的研究

本文介绍了磁絮新颖产分离技术，应用该技术能有效处理水中ＤＺＡ有机物，实现数秒内的快速分离污泥，污泥含水率低。     

Bioanalytical and instrumental analysis of estrogenic activities in drinking water sources from Yangtze River Delta

The estrogenic activities of source water from Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and groundwater in Yangtze River Delta in the dry and wet season were determined by use of reporter gene assays based on African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cell lines. Higher estrogenic activities were observed in the dry season, and the estrogenic potentials in water samples from Taihu Lake were greater than other river basins. None of the samples from groundwater showed estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity. The 17β-Estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQs) of water samples in the dry season ranged from 9.41 × 10^?1 to 1.20 × 10¹ ng E2 L^?1. In the wet season, EEQs of all the water samples were below the detection limit as 9.00 × 10^?1 ng E2 L^?1 except for one sample from Huaihe River. The highest contribution of E2 was detected in Yangtze River as 99% of estrogenic activity. Nonylphenol (NP, 100% detection rate) and octylphenol (OP, 100% detection rate) might also be responsible for the estrogenic activities in water sources. Potential health risk induced by the estrogenic chemicals in source water may be posed to the residents through water drinking.