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11.
Sorption of biodegradation end products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates onto activated sludge 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Nguyen Viet Hung Masafumi Tate Michihiko Ike Masanori Fujit Shinji Tsunoi Minoru Tanaka 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(4):564-569
IntroductionRecently ,nonylphenolpolyethoxylates (NPnEO (n :numberofethoxyunits(EOs) )havebecomeaproblematicissueforthereasonthatthesecompounds,animportantgroupofnonionicsurfactants ,havebeenusedwidelyinvariousindustriesasflocculants,dispersants,emulsifie… 相似文献
12.
Pankaj Kumar Maki Tsujimura Takanori Nakano Tokumasu Minoru 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(2):239-250
Considering the current poor understanding of the seawater–freshwater (SW–FW) interaction pattern at dynamic hydro-geological boundary of coastal aquifers, this work strives to study tidal effect on groundwater quality using chemical tracers combined with environmental isotopes. In situ measurement data of electrical conductivity and groundwater level along with laboratory measurement data of hydro-chemical species were compared with tidal level data measured by Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department, Saijo City, Japan for time series analysis. Result shows that diurnal tides have significant effect on groundwater level as well as its chemical characteristics; however, the magnitude of effect is different in case of different aquifers. Various scatter diagrams were plotted in order to infer mechanisms responsible for water quality change with tidal phase, and results show that cations exchange, selective movement and local SW–FW mixing were likely to be the main processes responsible for water quality changes. It was also found that geological structure of the aquifers is the most important factor affecting the intensity of tidal effect on water quality. 相似文献
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r2 = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer. 相似文献
15.
Shinohara N Kumagai K Yamamoto N Yanagisawa Y Fujii M Yamasaki A 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(4):419-424
A carbonyl sampler originally designed for the active sampling method (Sep-Pak XPoSure) was used for long-term passive sampling, and its applicability as a passive sampler was examined through field experiments. The uptake rates of passive sampling were determined experimentally from collocated passive and active samplings for various sampling periods. The obtained uptake rates of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were 1.48, 1.23, and 1.08 mL/min, respectively. These uptake rates were consistent for a wide range of the sampling term (12 hr-2 weeks). Uptake rates of each carbonyl were proportional to the diffusion coefficients of each. Therefore, the ratios of diffusion coefficients were used to calculate the uptake rates of carbonyls for which the rates were not determined experimentally. Lower limits of determination were 2.16-17.5 microg/m3 for 2-week sampling. It was confirmed that 2-week monitoring of carbonyl concentrations up to 118-229 microg/m3 was possible. Relative standard deviations of the passive method generated from the repeatability test were 2-12.3% error for five samplings, and the recovery efficiencies were larger than 90%. Thus, the passive sampler was found to be highly suitable for long-term monitoring of carbonyl compounds. 相似文献
16.
Minoru Yoshikawa Yuko Motoki Go Hibino Kazuhiko Takeuchi Keisuke Hanaki Shinichi Arai Toshihiko Masui Toshihiro Inoue 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(2):169-175
Here we propose a method to quantitatively assess and examine Global No Net Loss (GNNL) of forest biodiversity on a global
scale. The method produces a GNNL index of existing forest and enables future predictions of forest loss under different assumptions.
The method tests the feasibility of the GNNL index and enables discussion of policy for future global scale sustainable forest
management up to 2050. The GNNL index was estimated from an equation including forest areas per country per forest type (primary
forest, secondary forest and plantation forest), diversity of forest ecosystem, and species density. Estimates derived from
historical data revealed an approximate 7% reduction in GNNL index between 1990 and 2005. Predictions of the GNNL index until
2050 emphasize the importance of regenerating large portions of forests felled for agricultural land (or other uses) with
secondary forests. 相似文献
17.
Julie A. Robinson †† Kamlesh P. Lulla Minoru Kashiwagi † Maggie Suzuki † M. Duane Nellis ‡ Charles E. Bussing § Warren J. Lee Long Len J. McKenzie 《Conservation biology》2001,15(4):876-884
Abstract: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) photographs taken by astronauts from low Earth orbit can provide information relevant to conservation biology. This data source is now more accessible because of improvements in digitizing technology, Internet file transfer, and availability of image processing software. We present three examples of conservation-related projects that benefited from the use of astronaut photographs. First, NASA scientists requested that astronauts photograph the area of the controversial Isahaya Bay reclamation project in Japan. Japanese researchers used photographs from before and after the reclamation as a tool for communication with the public about the effects of tidal-flat loss. The newly acquired images and the availability of high-resolution digital images from NASA archives provided timely public information on the observed changes. Second, we digitally classified and analyzed a Space Shuttle photograph of Chobe National Park in Botswana to identify the locations of woodlands affected by elephants. Field validation later confirmed that areas identified on the image showed evidence of elephant damage. Third, we used a summary map from intensive field surveys of seagrasses in Shoalwater Bay, Australia, as reference data for a supervised classification of a digitized photograph taken from orbit. The classification distinguished seagrasses, sediments, and mangroves with accuracy approximating that in studies using other satellite remote-sensing data. Astronaut photographs are in the public domain, and the database of nearly 400,000 photographs from the late 1960s to the present is available at a single searchable location on the Internet ( http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop ). These photographs can be used by conservation biologists as a source of general information about the landscape and for quantitative mapping. 相似文献
18.
Takanori Hino Ryuichi Agawa Youichi Moriya Minoru Nishida Yasuhiro Tsugita Takao Araki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):42-54
Waste printed circuit boards contain valuable metals such as Au, Pd, Ag, and Cu that can be reutilized and harmful elements
such as Pb, Br, and Cr that must be removed from the viewpoint of environmental conservation. In this research, we examined
a method that separates the materials from printed circuit boards contained in discarded personal computers. After cutting
the printed circuit boards to a size of 20 × 20 mm, they were heated at 873 K under an Ar atmosphere to remove organic resins
containing elements such as C, H, and N. After heat treatment, the printed circuit boards were crushed using a planetary ball
mill and the pulverized powders were filtered. The fraction with a granularity of greater than 250 μm was separated into magnetic
and nonmagnetic materials by a magnetic field. Because the fraction with a granularity of less than 250 μm contained 39 mass%
of C, it was heated at 1273 K in an atmosphere of 95% Ar and 5% O2 to allow carbon combustion to take place, followed by metal reduction processing at the same temperature in an atmosphere
of 97% Ar and 3% H2. The basicity of the resulting powder was adjusted and the powder was heated at 1773 K under an Ar atmosphere. The proposed
method separated the slag and metal, and 80% of the valuable metals contained in printed circuit boards could be collected. 相似文献
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