A two-stage anaerobic system for biodegrading wastewater containing terephthalic acid and high strength easily degradable pollutants

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｅｒｅｐｈｔｈａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＴＡ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒａｗｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｓｕｃｈａｓｒｅｓｉｎ ,ｔｅｒｙｌｅｎｅｆｉｂｒｅ ,ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｆｉｌｍａｎｄｄｙｅａｎｄｓｏｏｎ .Ｉｎ 1999,ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆＴＡｗａｓａｂｏｕｔ10 0ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｐｅｒｙｅａｒ,ａｎｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｒａｒｅａｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＴＡｉｎｃｌｕｄｅＵＳＡ ,Ｊａｐａｎ ,Ｓｏｕ…     

表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和分子结构与其毒性的关系

采用六种不同离子类型、分子结构的表面活性剂研究表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和分子结构对其毒性的影响.结果表明: 表面活性剂的毒性随浓度的增加而升高;表面活性剂的离子类型对其毒性影响的大小顺序一般为:阳离子表面活性剂＞阴离子表面活性剂＞非离子表面活性剂,但同时又受表面活性剂分子结构的影响;对于具有类似分子结构的表面活性剂而言,直链长的表面活性剂要比短的毒性小.     

用vb.net开发电子阅览室机位分配系统

电子阅览室在使用新的一卡通系统后，针对一卡通软件某些方面的不足，采用vb．net开发了机位分配系统。本文对vb与vb．net两种开发工具以及它们的区别和该软件的一些新功能进行了讨论，并列出了程序中的部分源代码。     

北京山区生态系统稳定性评价模型初步研究

在建立北京山区生态评价体系的基础上,参考有关资料和北京的实际状况确定山区生态系统稳定性评价的标准和分级,选择适当的方法确定评价因子的层次关系和重要度,建立了综合评价模型。并以北京山区的一典型区为例对评价模型进行检验,结果与实际基本相符。     

辽东湾网采浮游植物粒级结构的胁迫响应

基于2012~2014年春、夏、秋、冬季辽东湾网采浮游植物及环境因子的调查资料,对辽东湾南、北2个区域的浮游植物粒级结构分布规律及其环境胁迫响应进行了分析,并评估了浮游植物群落结构的稳定性.结果表明,辽东湾海域浮游植物春、夏、秋季丰度主要集中在小粒径范围,冬季主要集中在中粒径范围;生物量春、夏、秋季主要集中在中粒径范围,冬季主要集中在大粒径范围,南部区域浮游植物粒径整体上大于北部区域.寡营养水域以及较低的水温环境更适于大粒径浮游植物生存.春、秋、冬季浮游植物群落结构比较稳定,但夏季偏离平衡点.南部区域群落结构整体上比北部区域稳定,网采中、大粒径组的W统计量可以作为浮游植物群落结构稳定性的评估指标.     

陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒演替过程中的土壤水分效应

根据陕北黄土丘陵区17块不同撂荒年限样地土壤水分的普查和10块样地土壤水分的定位测定,利用多元回归分析和通径分析法研究了植被恢复过程中土壤水分的变化和各植被、土壤因子对土壤水分的作用效应:①农田撂荒后,随着植被的恢复,因群落生物量、植被盖度和土壤有机质等这些对土壤水分有直接作用因子的变化,而间接表现为随着撂荒年限的增加,土壤含水量越来越低,而土壤水分的波动却越来越大;②用地形因子(包括坡度、坡向和海拔)、土壤因子(地表土壤容重和有机质含量)和植被因子(地上生物量和植被盖度)可以较好地对土壤水分做出多元拟合,影响表层土壤水分含量和根系层水分波动的主导因子是植被盖度,而影响深层土壤水分波动的主导因子是地上生物量;③土壤水分两次测定期间深层储水量差值与累积降雨量成显著正相关,说明土壤水分测定下边界存在上渗与下渗运动,而且储水量差值多数为正值,说明是以下渗为主。因此O根据土壤水分来估算群落蒸散时会有正的系统误差。为此论文将深层储水量差值作为补偿调节因子自变量,以提高多元拟合精度。拟合结果说明群落蒸散可由群落生物量、群落盖度、坡度、坡向和土壤表层容重或坚实度来估计。在植被恢复过程中影响群落蒸散的最大因子是群落蒸腾,其次是植被盖度。     

A comparison of swine wastewater treatment using real-time and fixed-time two-stage sequencing batch reactors

This study compared the swine wastewater treatment of two identical lab-scale two-stage sequencing batch reactors (TSSBR) under similar conditions except that one was operated on a fixed-time mode and the other on a real-time mode. While both TSSBR systems performed very well, the real-time TSSBR performed far better then the fixed-time TSSBR, in every aspect of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal. The removals of COD, TOC, were at 97% and for BOD5 even at 99.7%. In terms of NH4-N and TKN removals, the real-time TSSBR achieved removal of over 98%. For phosphorus removals (Ortho-P and total P) the results from the real-time TSSBR was quite remarkable at 97.7%.     

Estimation of PM_(10) in the trafc-related atmosphere for three road types in Beijing and Guangzhou,China

The levels of roadside PM10in Beijing, China, were investigated in 2011 and 2012 on a seasonal basis to estimate the population exposure to particulates for three road types. The measurements of PM10 were also conducted in the southern Chinese megacity of Guangzhou for comparison purposes. The results showed that roadside PM10in Beijing correlated strongly with the PM10background in the urban atmosphere. The levels of PM10in street canyons were markedly higher than those along the open roads and in crossroad areas because of limited ventilation. An elevation of PM10was observed in April, which was possibly due to the sand storms that frequently occur in the spring. Based on these observations, roadside PM10in Beijing could have multiple origins and was to some extent dispersiongoverned. In Guangzhou, the roadside PM10did not closely relate to the background values. The PM10 pollution was greatly afected by local trafc conditions. The simulation of PM10 for diferent road types was completed during the study period using the Motor Vehicle Emissions Factor Model(MOBILE6.2) as an emission model and the California Line Source Dispersion Model(CALINE4) and Operational Street Pollution Model(OSPM) as dispersion models. The MOBILE6.2/CALINE4 software package was demonstrated to be sufcient for the simulation of PM10in the open roads and crossroad areas in both Beijing and Guangzhou, and the simulation results of roadside PM10 in the street canyons by the MOBILE6.2/OSPM package were in close agreement with those of the measurements.     

鄱阳湖枯水期沉积物磷释放特征及对水位变化响应

通过研究鄱阳湖枯水期不同高程沉积物磷释放热力学和动力学特征,试图建立沉积物磷释放与水位间响应关系,进一步揭示由于江湖关系变化导致的水位下降对鄱阳湖沉积物磷释放风险影响.结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖沉积物高程越高,即出露时间越长,中部和"五河"尾闾区沉积物EC0、DTP、DOP和SRP最大释放量及初始释放速率(0~5 min释放速率)越大,而北部湖区因采砂活动等影响,变化不明显.(2)鄱阳湖水位的持续下降引起的沉积物出露时间延长和出露面积增加,导致全湖沉积物DTP、DOP和SRP最大释放量分别增加了91、81和34 t,虽然该增加量对全湖磷负荷贡献较小(占外源P输入负荷的4.1%、3.7%和1.5%),但"五河"尾闾区沉积物磷释放增加强度为全湖平均值的3倍,意味着随江湖关系的持续变化,来年丰水期鄱阳湖沉积物磷将会集中释放,尤其是"五河"尾闾区等重点敏感区域,其沉积物磷释放量的增加将进一步加大鄱阳湖局部湖区水质下降风险.     

Characteristics and influence factors of NO2 exchange flux between the atmosphere and P. nigra

Nitrogen dioxide(NO_2)is an important substance in atmospheric photochemical processes and can also be absorbed by plants.N02 fluxes between the atmosphere and P.nigrc seedlings were investigated by a double dynamic chambers method in Beijing from June 15to September 3,2017.The range of N02 exchange fluxes between P.nigra seedlings and the atmosphere was from-14.6 to 0.8 nmol/(m~2.sec)(the positive data represent N02 emissior from trees,while the negative values indicate absorption).Under ambient concentrations the mean NO_2 flux during the fast-growing stage(Jun.15-Aug.4)was-3.0 nmol/(m2·sec)greater than the flux of-1.5 nmol/(m2-sec)during the later growth stage(Aug.8-Sept.3)The daily exchange fluxes of NO_2 obviously fluctuated.The fluxes were largest in the morning and decreased gradually over time.Additionally,the N02 fluxes were larger undei high light intensities than under low light intensities during the whole growth period.The effects of temperature on N02 fluxes were different under two growth periods.The NO_2exchange fluxes were larger in a range of temperatures close to 44℃in the fast-growing stage,whereas there were no evident differences in N02 exchange fluxes under widel differing temperatures in the later growth stage.Under polluted conditions,the uptake ability of N02 was weakened.Additionally,the compensation point of N02 was 5.6 ppb ir the fast-growing stage,whereas it was 1.4 ppb in the later growth stage.The depositior velocities of NO_2 were between 0.3 and 2.4 mm/sec.