三峡库区干湿交替消落区土壤磷形态

结合三峡水库“蓄清排浊”、反季节调度模式，通过对消落区首次自然干湿交替土壤中磷的赋存形式、含量变化的分析，揭示了新生消落区土壤中磷的分布特征和释放规律。结果表明：水库夏季低水位运行时上覆水总磷含量远高于冬季枯水期高水位时上覆水总磷含量，且由于汛期径流量大，上下游上覆水总磷含量波动明显。自然干湿交替状态下土壤中不同形态磷分布规律一致，活性磷、有机磷含量变化程度剧烈，成为新生消落区上覆水内源磷负荷的主要来源，且库区首次蓄水至175 m后新生消落区土壤有机磷是土壤内源磷贡献的主要承担者。覆水初期干湿交替土壤各形态磷含量没有显著差异。覆水后消落区土壤总磷释放程度与本底土壤的总磷、有机磷、活性磷呈现出显著线性相关关系。新生消落区土壤作为潜在磷源，在成库初期对库区水质影响不大。
     

秦皇岛市城市绿地对气候环境的调节作用

通过对秦皇岛草面、沥青表面、水泥表面和裸露地表4种表面温度观测的数据,分析了不同地表表面温度在夏季不同天气条件下温度的变化规律与差异,阐述了草地在城市气候环境调节中的作用。统计结果表明,夏季各表面温度从高到低的次序为:沥青、水泥、裸土和草面温度。在不同的地表面中,夜间基本均以草面温度最低。各表面的最低温度出现在日出前,各表面的平均最高温度出现在12～14时之间。在夏季晴朗的白天,中午各表面温度达到一日中的最高。草面的温度远低于沥青和水泥表面的温度,白天平均温度差异达到10.0℃左右。     

信息化在HSE管理体系建设中的作用

简述了HSE管理体系在领导承诺、实施与运行等四大管理要素中存在的典型问题,从强化管理职责、固化管理流程、丰富监管手段三个方面阐述了HSE信息系统在支持HSE管理体系中发挥的显著优势,并结合典型问题提出实施HSE信息化管理是解决目前健康安全环境问题的重要措施。     

高效液相色谱法检测水中5种微囊藻毒素

使用Agilent1260型高效液相色谱仪,建立定量测定天然水体中5种微囊藻毒素（MC-RR、YR、LR、LA、LY）的分析方法。比较甲醇/三氟乙酸（TFA）水溶液与甲醇/磷酸两种流动相体系,待测物质的响应程度,结果发现,TFA作为缓冲溶液时,基线较磷酸稳定,因此,选择甲醇/TFA水溶液作为流动相。比较不同TFA体积比例,待测物质的分离程度,结果显示,甲醇/0.02%的TFA水溶液作为流动相时,5种MCs含量的分离度较好。比较等度和梯度洗脱条件,发现,梯度洗脱条件5种MCs的分离度较等度洗脱条件好。该方法 MC-RR、YR、LR、LA、LY的最低检出限（LOD）分别为0.015、0.035、0.018、0.032和0.026μg/L,最低定量限（LOQ）分别是0.049、0.117、0.062、0.106和0.086μg/L。在0.10～1.50μg/mL的线性范围内,相关系数R2≥0.99,实际水样回收率为73.9%～103.3%。     

Petroleum hydrocarbon in surficial sediment from rivers and canals in Tianjin, China

Surficial sediment samples were collected from three rivers and six canals in Tianjin, China and analyzed for petroleum hydrocarbons. Chemical compositions and distribution patterns, as well as possible sources, of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediments were discussed. A series of petroleum hydrocarbons, including n-alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes, anteiso-alkanes, alkyl hexamethylene, hopanes and steranes were detected in the samples. The concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons varied in a wide range of 0.072-3.000 mg g(-1) in the surficial sediment of the rivers and canals in Tianjin. In the samples studied, the total concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment samples from North Canal, South Canal, and G3 segment of South Sewage Canal were higher than those from Hai River, South Sewage Canal and North Sewage Canal. Accumulation of pollutants in the sediments from reaches close to urban area was also observed. The PHC spatial variability is mostly affected by many local inputs. The main sources of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment in Tianjin were considered to be petroleum importation and biochemical degradation of organisms, including cuticular of aquatic vegetation and algae.     

Observation of black carbon aerosol in Beijing, 2003

The objective of this study was to determine the black carbon concentration in Beijing in 2003. The aerosol properties were measured using an Aethalometer and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) on the roof of the Physics Building of Peking University (39.99° N, 116.31° E) from July to August 2003 and from November 2003 to January 2004. The average black carbon (BC) concentrations in the summer and winter were 8.80 and 11.4 μg/m³, respectively. During winter, two different cyclone cut offs were installed at the inlet of an aethalometer. The BC mass concentration in TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were obtained. The results indicated that in winter aerosol, 90% of BC exited in PM₁₀ and 82.6% of BC exited in PM_2.5. The BC in PM₁₀ accounted for 5.11% of the PM₁₀ mass.     

三阶段论：人类社会演化规律初探

本文在剖析人与自然界中的生命力系统的双螺旋进化过程及其相关主形态演化趋势的基础上，提出人类社会由生存、发展到可持续发展的“三阶段”演化学说，并依据“三种生产论”分析和评价了生存与发展阶段的特征和规律，探讨了可持续发展的内涵及其演化阶段的基本特征与行为准则     

A study of the atmospheric VOCs of Mount Tai in June 2006

Intensive field investigations were conducted at the summit of Mount Tai in June 2006 to understand the effects of the local and regional sources on atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) distributions. A total of 60 samples were collected and determined by quantitative analytical methods. The concentrations of the total VOCs (TVOCs) observed in the air of Mount Tai were 6.95 ± 5.71 ppb. Aromatic hydrocarbons provided the largest contribution to TVOCs, followed by alkanes and halocarbons. High levels of halocarbons accounted for 20% of TVOCs due to emission from a PVC plant located at the foot of Mount Tai. Alkenes and cycloalkanes contributed little to the total VOCs. The day-and-night differences and day-to-day variations in the concentrations of four selected species were investigated and the effects of several factors such as meteorological parameters, sources and transport characteristics on them were discussed in details. A back trajectory analysis showed that relatively higher levels of VOCs were related to long-range transport of pollutants from polluted areas. The vertical motions of air masses also had a large impact on the variations of the levels of VOCs. The result of the variability–lifetime relationships of VOCs, which is used to estimate the remoteness of the sampling location, showed that Mount Tai represents intermediate conditions between remote sites and sites in the vicinity of sources.