川西盆周山地几种人工林的碳聚积效应研究

本文采用材积源生物量法和土壤剖面分析方法,以四川彭州为典型案例,对栽植17年的人工柳杉、杉木、水杉、桦木、桤木、喜树林的碳聚积效应进行了研究.结果表明:不同树种的生物量积累规律为:柳杉>桦木>喜树>水杉>杉木>桤木,每公顷柳杉、桦木、喜树、水杉、杉木、桤木的生物量分别为172t、162t、157t、126t、124t、111t.柳杉的生物量比桦木、喜树、水杉、杉木、桤木增加5.81%、8.72%、26.7%、27.9%、35.5%;不同树种的林分碳贮量为柳杉>桦木>喜树>水杉>杉木>桤木,柳杉、桦木、喜树、水杉、杉木、桤木林分的碳贮量分别为86.0、81.0、7＆5、63.0、62.0、55.5tC/hm2,表明柳杉比其它树种具有更强的生长能力和固碳能力;林下土壤的有机碳含量,在不同土层中的分布规律为:0～10cm>10～30cm>30～50cm>50～70cm,土壤有机碳集中分布于0～50cm土层内;不同树种林下土壤的碳贮量均高于同期的林分碳贮量,表明土壤碳库是林分碳库的补充和延续,且具有更大的固碳潜力.     

Geochemistry of heavy metal-contaminated sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the...     

硫酸盐和Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO/Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA厌氧还原过程特性及微生物群落分析

在生物法烟气脱硫技术(Bio-FGD)和络合吸收生物还原脱硝技术(BioDeNO_x)基础上,提出了生物结合络合吸收同步脱硫脱硝的工艺思路,该工艺利用加入Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA的碱性吸收液同时吸收烟气中的二氧化硫(SO_2)和一氧化氮(NO).本研究在厌氧反应器中实现烟气脱硫脱硝吸收产物硫酸盐和Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO/Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的同步去除.结果表明,水力停留时间为16 h,p H维持在7.0时,硫酸盐的平均去除率为95.16%,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO的平均去除率为96.61%.硫酸盐的还原产物主要以液相中硫离子和气相中硫化氢的形式存在,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO的最终还原产物为N2.反应运行的各个阶段均可实现Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的还原,但还原率会随HRT降低而下降.第5阶段反应器中主要的硫酸盐还原菌为Desulfomicrobium,同时存在异养反硝化菌Pseudomonas与两种硫自养反硝化菌Sulfurimonas与Sulfurovum,并发现了两种具有还原单质硫功能的菌属Thermovirga与Mesotoga.     

Pseudomonas sp. ZXY-1, a newly isolated and highly efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium, and optimization of biodegradation using response surface methodology

Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model(R~2= 0.9821) being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions(30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%(V/V) inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration).Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.     

煤制烯烃废水处理与回用技术解析

针对煤制烯烃项目废水的来源及水质特点,从生化处理技术与回用处理技术方面阐述了煤制烯烃废水处理现状及存在问题,展望了煤制烯烃废水处理与回用技术未来发展方向,指出了新型脱氮工艺、膜集成工艺及分质结晶技术在煤制烯烃废水处理中的可行性,为煤化工废水处理与资源化利用提供理论参考。     

β射线法与重量法监测环境空气PM_(2.5)的应用比较

重量法是测量PM_(2.5)的传统手工经典方法,而β射线法加动态加热系统联用光散射法作为自动在线监测技术的常用方法被广泛使用。将5030-SHARP型β射线法加动态加热系统联用光散射法PM_(2.5)自动监测设备监测结果与手工法测量结果进行比对、分析,结果表明:β射线法与重量法监测结果具有一致性,测量结果不存在显著性差异;β射线法与重量法相对偏差值与温度、相对湿度、风速等气象因子的相关性不明显;β射线法与重量法监测结果的差异性与PM_(2.5)质量浓度、季节等条件有关;随着PM_(2.5)质量浓度逐渐升高,β射线法与重量法相对偏差的绝对值|RD|也随之增大,不同季节的|RD|平均值差异较大,春季、冬季的|RD|平均值大于夏季、秋季。     

铁锰复合氧化物/壳聚糖珠:一种环境友好型除磷吸附剂

采用两步法制备了一种环境友好型除磷基吸附剂——铁锰复合氧化物/壳聚糖珠(FMCB),对其进行了表征,并对其磷吸附行为进行了系统研究.表征结果表明,该吸附剂为多孔纤维结构,比表面积为248 m~2·g~(-1),孔容为0.37 m~3·g~(-1).吸附实验结果表明,FMCB对磷的吸附容量远高于纯的壳聚糖颗粒,且Langmuir模型能更好地拟合FMCB对磷的吸附,最大吸附量为13.3 mg·g~(-1)(pH 7.0);准二级动力学模型能更好地拟合FMCB对磷吸附的动力学实验数据;溶液pH对磷的吸附影响较大,随着pH的增大,磷的吸附量逐渐降低;共存的Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对磷吸附略有促进,而共存阴离子对磷吸附具有抑制作用,影响大小顺序为:SiO_3~(2-)CO_3~(2-)SO_4~(2-)≥Cl~-.吸附磷后的FMCB可用NaOH溶液进行脱附再生,并可重复使用.在进水磷初始浓度为3 mg·L~(-1)条件下,吸附达到穿透时(出水磷浓度达0.5 mg·L~(-1)),可处理约800个柱体积的模拟含磷废水.     

大型炼锌厂周边土壤及蔬菜的汞污染评价及来源分析

采集某大型炼锌厂周边的耕种土壤及蔬菜样品,分析其汞含量,并采用单项污染指数法及相关标准对土壤和蔬菜的汞污染状况进行了评价.结果表明,炼锌厂周边的耕种土壤和蔬菜都受到了不同程度的汞污染.土壤样品汞的超标率为78%,其中污染最严重区域土壤中的汞浓度是背景点土壤汞浓度的29倍,已达到重度污染程度.所有蔬菜样品的汞含量超过无公害蔬菜重金属限量指标,最大超标64.5倍,平均超标25.4倍.85%的蔬菜样品叶片中汞含量明显高于根部汞含量,说明叶片中的汞主要来自于大气;蔬菜根部汞含量与土壤汞含量明显线性相关,说明根部的汞主要来自于土壤.炼锌厂汞排放对其周边土壤和蔬菜的汞污染均有显著的影响.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.