An online monitoring system for atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) based on stripping coil and ion chromatography

A new instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO) was developed,consisting of a double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography(SC-IC).SC-IC is featured by small size(50 × 35 × 25 cm) and modular construction,including three independent parts:the sampling unit,the transfer and supporting unit,and the detection unit.High collection efficiency(> 99%) was achieved with 25 μmol/L Na2CO3 as absorption solution even in the presence of highly acidic compounds.This instrument has a detection limit of 8 pptv at 15 min time resolution,with a measurement uncertainty of 7%.Potential interferences from NOx,NO2+SO2,NO2+VOCs,HONO+O3,HNO3,peroxyacetyl nitrite(PAN) and particle nitrite were quantified in laboratory studies and were found to be insignificant under typical atmospheric conditions.Within the framework of the 3C-STAR project,inter-comparison between the SC-IC and LOPAP(long path liquid absorption photometer) was conducted at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta.Good agreement was achieved between the two instruments over three weeks.Both instruments determined a clear diurnal profile of ambient HONO concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 ppbv.However,deviations were found for low ambient HONO concentrations(i.e.< 0.3 ppbv),which cannot be explained by previous investigated interference species.To accurately determine the HONO budget under illuminated conditions,more intercomparison of HONO measurement techniques is still needed in future studies,especially at low HONO concentrations.     

规划环境影响评价中公众参与探讨研究

公众参与作为规划环境影响评价的重要组成部分,具有重要的作用和意义。公众参与可以提高规划环境影响评价的有效性、提高规划的合理性及环保性。结合规划环评的应用实例,归纳了规划环评公众参与的参与对象、参与形式等,指出目前规划环评公众参与在应用中存在公众参与对象局限、规定和程序不明确、公民环保意识差等问题,建议采用多种形式开展公众参与环评,同时建议相关部门制定法律条文等进一步明确公众参与环评的规定和程序,提高信息公开度和民众的环保意识。     

O3氧化结合化学吸收同时脱硫脱硝的动力学及热力学研究

构建了O3氧化多种污染物的反应机制,并对O3氧化SOx、NOx过程进行动力学模拟,然后利用热力学原理计算出Ca(OH)2和CaCO3湿法烟气同时脱硫脱硝吸收反应达到平衡时SOx和NOx的分压力.结果表明,Ca(OH)2作吸收剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱硝比CaCO3作吸收剂效果好,而且两者几乎100％地去除烟气中的SOx和NO...     

Geochemistry of heavy metal-contaminated sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the...     

考虑热态维修可靠性的汽轮机保护系统优化分析

结合汽轮机保护系统现状,参考故障容限设计理论,研究了失效-安全型故障维修影响。通过RBD模型识别增设保护回路后的系统结构变化,采用马尔可夫过程法获得带保护投切功能的系统可用度公式,对比分析系统整体失效率影响。通过对汽轮机保护投切过程进一步分析,识别出多项人机设计缺陷,证实了研究对象在维修过程中人因失效率有较大的波动性和随机性。结合操作行为认知过程图,提出人因失效链嵌入监测、操作人信道负荷均衡以及操作进程信息分发的保护系统优化三要素,对能源领域大多数服役期较长的汽轮机保护系统升级改造设计具有较高的参考价值。     

内蒙古某灌域表层土壤六氯环己烷空间分布特征及影响因素

为修复灌区内土壤有机氯农药污染，降低六氯环己烷对土壤环境的危害，对内蒙古某灌域表层土壤进行采样，利用气相色谱测定50个土壤样品中六氯环己烷及其异构体的含量，并利用ArcGIS空间分析技术确定表层土壤中六氯环己烷的分布状况。样本中六氯环己烷的检出率为96%，各样本中六氯环己烷的浓度范围为未检出~23.0 ng/g，平均浓度为4.4 ng/g。4种异构体含量平均值顺序为γ-六氯环己烷>δ-六氯环己烷>β-六氯环己烷>α-六氯环己烷。灌域东北部和西南部残留浓度较高，并由这2个方向向中部地区逐渐递减，表层土壤中的六氯环己烷分布受土壤黏粒量、不同种植种类和灌溉水源的影响较大。虽受人类耕作的影响，但表层土壤中的六氯环己烷污染水平相对较低。     

Persistent free radicals in humin under redox conditions and their impact in transforming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

• Regulation of redox conditions promotes the generation of free radicals on HM. • HM-PFRs can be fractionated into active and inactive types depending on stability. • The newly produced PFRs readily release electrons to oxygen and generate ROS. • PFR-induced ROS mediate the transformation of organic contaminants adsorbed on HM. The role of humic substance-associated persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the fate of organic contaminants under various redox conditions remains unknown. This study examined the characterization of original metal-free peat humin (HM), and HM treated with varying concentrations of H₂O₂ and L-ascorbic acid (VC) (assigned as H₂O₂-HM and VC-HM). The concentration of PFRs in HM increased with the addition of VC/H₂O₂ at concentrations less than 0.08 M. The evolution of PFRs in HM under different environmental conditions (e.g., oxic/anoxic and humidity) was investigated. Two types of PFRs were detected in HM: a relatively stable radical existed in the original sample, and the other type, which was generated by redox treatments, was relatively unstable. The spin densities of VC/H₂O₂-HM readily returned to the original value under relatively high humidity and oxic conditions. During this process, the HM-associated “unstable” free radicals released an electron to O₂, inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., ^•OH and ^•O₂⁻). The generated ROS promoted the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the radical quenching measurements. The transformation rates followed the order naphthalene>phenanthrene>anthracene>benzo[a]pyrene. Our results provide valuable insight into the HM-induced transformation of organic contaminants under natural conditions.     

一起半绝缘电压互感器故障原因分析及处理措施

通过一起半绝缘电压互感器故障原因的分析，发现铁磁谐振是电压互感器故障的原因，进一步分析铁磁谐振的处理措施，得出针对不同绝缘结构的电压互感器应有针对性地安装不同类型的消谐器才能有效消除谐振，保障电压互感器安全。     

谈地磁观测中的温度效应

地磁场各要素的绝对数值是通过基线值来确定的,而基线值又与温度相关,是一条大致随温度变化的曲线。本文选取通海、贵阳、邵阳、天水等地磁台的基线值资料,计算各分量基线值与记录室温度的相关系数,判定基线值与温度之间的相关关系,掌握在不同记录室温度条件下,温度变化对地磁基线值以及地磁观测仪器的影响程度。以供其他地磁台站新建、改造观测记录室时借鉴。     

壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒去除低温水中硝酸盐的机理研究

为解决我国北方严寒地区常规工艺难以有效去除低温地下水中硝酸盐污染的问题,以4A沸石分子筛为载体,通过壳聚糖改性制备出一种具有低温去除水中硝酸盐功能的吸附颗粒,有望作为吸附剂应用于常规水处理工艺的提标改造.通过小试试验,研究壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒去除低温水中硝酸盐的反应机理,分析其去除硝酸盐过程的吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学,并通过pH_PZC（零电点）测定、FT-IR（傅里叶红外光谱）和XPS（X射线光电子能谱）进一步分析其反应前、后表面物化特性.结果表明:①在温度为8~10℃下,壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒对硝酸盐的吸附平衡时间为8 h,平衡吸附量为1.88 mg/g.②吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,吸附热力学参数△G0 < 0、△H0>0、△S0>0,表明吸附为熵增加的吸热过程.③壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒的pH_PZC为10.0,FT-IR结果表明,-NH₂和-OH官能团吸附了水中的硝酸根离子,XPS结果表明,N（1s）和O（1s）元素在吸附过程中参与反应.研究显示,壳聚糖改性4A沸石分子筛颗粒分子结构中的-NH₂和-OH基团通过静电结合和氢键作用与硝酸根离子进行吸附反应.