基于粒间接触关系的饱和砂土液化特性研究∗

为了研究饱和砂土的液化机理,通过等体积加载的方式建立了循环荷载下饱和砂土动力响应的颗粒流计算模型,研究了饱和砂土在不同围压和加载幅值下的动力响应,探讨了颗粒间力链的发展特性,并从Shannon 熵、Boltzmann 熵以及Clausius 熵的基本关系入手,建立基于粒间接触力链的饱和砂土颗粒熵计算方法,分析了颗粒熵发展特性。结果表明：饱和砂土初始总力链主要受围压的影响,围压越大,初始总力链越多;循环荷载下饱和砂土颗粒间力链总数逐渐降低,且强力链持续向中、弱力链转换;循环荷载下饱和砂土颗粒熵表现出先升高后降低的二阶段特性,围压和加载幅值对颗粒熵峰值无明显影响,各工况的颗粒熵峰值均为0.92;定义颗粒熵峰值为相变颗粒熵,相变颗粒熵时的饱和砂土表现出固液临界态的力学特征,指示了饱和砂土由固态向往返液化状态转变的临界点。     

松花江沉积物汞的新变化:分布、演化与现状及潜在生态风险评估

分析了第二松花江中下游和松花江干流表层沉积物中总汞的含量水平和分布规律,同期采集了牡丹江、黑龙江沉积物作为对照,并采用地累积指数法以及潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了松花江沉积物中汞的污染状况和潜在的生态风险.结果表明,松花江10个断面沉积物总汞含量范围0.029~1.317 mg·kg~(-1),均值0.183 mg·kg~(-1).第二松花江3个典型断面沉积物总汞含量均显著高于松花江干流的7个典型断面(P0.05).地累积指数(Igeo)及潜在生态风险指数(Er)表明第二松花江3个典型断面沉积物汞污染程度为偏中度至重度污染,存在高度生态风险;松花江干流7个典型断面为轻度污染,具有较高生态风险.近10年松花江沉积物汞含量变化及空间分布结果显示,现阶段第二松花江沉积物汞含量有所下降,但松花江干流个别江段沉积物汞含量有所上升,应引起重视.     

碲化镉量子点Cd~(2+)释放对小鼠肝、肾组织毒作用的研究

探讨碲化镉量子点(cadmium telluride quantum dots,Cd Te QDs)Cd2+释放与其体内毒性之间的关系。将24只雄性ICR小鼠(24.7~26.8g)随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为0 nmol组(对照组)、5 nmol染毒组、50 nmol染毒组和500 nmol染毒组(以Cd2+的摩尔浓度计算)。采用尾静脉注射方式进行染毒,染毒组注射0.15 ml不同浓度的Cd Te QDs溶液,对照组注射同等体积的生理盐水。染毒24h后小鼠脱臼处死,计算脏器系数,进行血常规和血清生化指标分析以及肝、肾组织的病理组织学检查。选取金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)作为生物体内游离Cd2+水平的生物标志物,通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和免疫组织化学技术检测小鼠肝、肾组织中的MT水平。结果表明,各染毒组小鼠肝、肾脏器系数与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),尿素氮水平与对照组相比显著降低(P0.01)。随着染毒剂量增加,小鼠肝、肾组织病理改变逐渐加重,肝细胞可见不同程度的水性样变和肿胀;肾小管管腔水肿、肾上皮细胞水样变性,以及远曲小管水肿。染毒组小鼠肝、肾组织中MT的含量与对照组相比明显升高(P0.05),且随着染毒剂量增加MT表达增强。研究结果提示,Cd Te QDs对小鼠肝、肾组织具有一定的毒作用,其毒作用大小与Cd Te QDs降解释放的游离Cd2+含量呈正相关。     

Carbon dioxide and methane emission from subsurface peatlands and its controlling factors北大核心CSCD

Peatland is an efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) sink on the continent and plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Climate change and human activities, two of the notable global environmental issues, have accelerated the degradation of peatlands during recent years. Global warming will increase the rate of aerobic decomposition in the surface of peatlands. Carbon stored in the subsurface of peatlands will be metabolized if the climatic conditions become favorable for decomposition. This study reviewed the carbon circle of subsurface peatland in natural environment and in environments disturbed by human activity or climate change. Furthermore, the major factors (environmental and human factors) that affect the carbon cycle were also discussed. According to a previous study, subsurface peatland will rapidly participate in the carbon cycle when the peatland is degraded. Water level, vegetation, and temperature were the main natural factors affecting the carbon cycle, whereas drainage, farming, and grazing were the main anthropogenic factors. Further studies should focus on different soil layer carbon dynamics, inorganic carbon content, and conservation and restoration of peatlands. The study methods should be a combination of macro with micro scale and focus on developing deep peat research techniques. Most of the previous studies focused on greenhouse gas emission and their response factors in short-term experiments. Thus, the mechanism and process of subsurface carbon are not clear and needs further study. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Comprehensive evaluation of spent mushroom substrate-chicken manure co-composting by garden waste improvement: physicochemical properties,humification process,and the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The performance of garden waste on spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and chicken manure (CM) co-composting efficiency and humification is unclear....     

Rational construction of Co-promoted 1T-MoS2 nanoflowers towards high-efficiency 4-nitrophenol reduction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Developing efficient and cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) is of great...     

Effects of green spaces on alleviating mortality attributable to PM2.5 in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing research suggested that green spaces are associated with many health benefits, but evidence for the quantitative relationship between green...     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.     

湖相沉积软土中盾构端头关键控制措施研究∗

湖相沉积软土在昆明地区分布广泛,工程性质极其特殊,在该场地中盾构施工风险性极高,易引发端头失稳, 涌水涌砂灾害,探究软土场地盾构端头施工关键控制措施成为亟待解决的问题。采用经验分析法并引入正交试验对端头加固工艺及加固范围进行分析,得出适用性最优工艺与最优加固范围计算模型,给出各工艺应用建议、端头稳定敏感性排序及加固范围理论解。针对现有洞门密封止水系统涌水涌砂风险较大的问题,提出了一种由三道密封构件与两道主动措施组成的新型永久密封止水系统。将所得结论与创新型止水系统应用于昆明轨道交通 5 号线会宝区间端头,采用 MidasGts 与对数螺旋滑动计算模型对端头土体进行数值模拟与稳定性计算,所得位移云图及安全系数与实际施工情况相吻合,由此实现端头加固范围理论解与工程解的统一。从施工现场来看,新型止水系统应用效果非常理想,有效保证了盾构进出洞安全,可为相似盾构工程设计与施工提供借鉴。     

生活垃圾堆肥工艺条件及其反应动力学研究

为了改善堆肥微环境 ,提高生活垃圾堆肥速率 ,研究堆肥工艺条件及其反应动力学是非常必要的。通过控制堆肥工艺条件 ,如初始温度、含水率、C/N比及堆料颗粒大小 ,研究生活垃圾堆肥过程中生物、化学及物理因素的变化。试验结果表明 ,生活垃圾堆肥反应符合一级反应动力学 ;合理控制堆肥初始反应条件 ,能明显提高堆肥效率。