1—硝基芘对斜生栅藻的毒性研究

酿要用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法，研究了１－硝基芘对斜生栅藻生长的影响，得到了１－ＮＰ抑制斜生栅藻生长的ＥＣ５０（９６ｈ）为０．１８２４ｍｇ．１＾－１，实验结果还表明，１－ＮＰ对藻生长的抑制作用随时间的延长而增加，抑制物性表现为特久且强度大，抑制机理为不可逆性抑制。     

汶川特大地震“人的感觉”和“器物的反应”震害分析

在汶川特大地震现场,调查收集了大量有关人的感觉和器物的反应资料,在各种文献和网上又补充收集了大量此类资料.通过对这些资料的整理与分析,总结出了各烈度区人的感觉和器物的反应典型现象；探讨人的感觉、器物的反应与烈度的关系；找出各烈度区的共性内容.旨在使我国的地震烈度表在“人的感觉”和“器物的反应”方面更便于地震烈度评定,为地震科学研究提供可靠的基础资料.     

Catastrophe theory to assess water security and adaptation strategy in the context of environmental change

Economic development, population growth, urbanization and climate change have led to an increasing water shortage across the globe. Ensuring water security under changing environment will be the greatest challenge for water resources managers in near future. In this paper, catastrophe theory based multi-criteria evaluation model has been proposed to assess water security under different management strategies to recommend the best water management strategy to achieve water security in the context of global environmental change. The assessment model involves future scenarios of climate change, population growth and economic development. Total 16 indicators related to climate, socio-economy and water availability and consumption have been proposed to measure water security under three management strategies viz. business-as-usual, water demand management and water supply management. The model has been applied to Yulin city of North West China to assess water security as well as to identify the water management strategy under changing environment. The results show that under business-as-usual situation the water shortage rate will reach up to 44 % by the year 2020 and up to 70 % by the year 2030 in Yulin. Water supply is required to increase by 41 % to meet the water demand under supply management strategy which is beyond the safe baseline rate. The study reveals that water demand management can reduce the gap between water supply and demand to a reasonable amount and therefore, can be considered as the most effective approach for adapting with environment change.     

水上溢油环境风险源确定研究

依据泄漏进水域的最大油品量、水域环境敏感性等两个主要因素,研究确定了江苏油田水上(临水)设施环境风险源等级,并针对不同的风险源阐述了降低风险等级的技术方法和预防措施,为加强江苏油田环境风险防患、提高应急处理能力提供了依据。     

人工湿地处理城市污水效能的影响因素分析

为解决人工湿地占地面积大、处理效率低、容易堵塞,往往需要间歇运行等问题,通过对传统的人工湿地进行改造,设计一套新型人工湿地床系统——折流式湿地床 侧流式湿地床,并通过试验对其处理城市污水的运行效能的影响因素进行了研究.研究结果表明,降雨、蒸腾和蒸发、温度、植物收割及堵塞作用对人工湿地运行有不同程度的影响,人工湿地受降雨因素的影响,其出水COD值比降雨前低,同时较人工湿地由于降雨作用所导致的COD稀释浓度高2.4～5.7 mg/L,而降雨使出水SS比降雨前高5.0～7.2 mg/L;堵塞缩短了折流湿地床的运行周期及降低了COD的去除,水力负荷为102.87 cm/d时,运行周期为20 d,水头损失由5.2 cm增至14.8 cm,COD去除率由84.35%降至21.19%;水力负荷为137.16 cm/d时,运行周期为16 d,水头损失由5.0 cm增至15.0 cm,COD去除率由81.26%降至7.35%.     

A novel approach to rapid detection of acute water toxicity and its policy implications for grassroots sustainable environmental monitoring

Unknown chemicals, emerging contaminants, and the resulting reactions among them make early detection and warning of acute water toxicity extremely challenging. The conventional approach using small fish for toxicity monitoring normally requires a designated species of fish and over a week's time to complete, including dilution of the wastewater, a pre-test, and a full test. It often increases chances for error and delays emergency management. This paper reports a novel approach, based on grassroots knowledge and field and lab experience in Jilin, China. This approach uses a combination of different species of aquarium fish to achieve fast and reliable monitoring. It tests the original source water directly without going through the dilution procedure, while paying attention to the time factor. The approach does not require a pre-test and may shorten the time needed for detecting acute toxicity to a few minutes, using a new classification of aquatic toxicity levels. It is inexpensive to use and may be easily adopted by grassroots organizations. The approach is "greener" and more financially and socially sustainable than traditional approaches. The wide use of the approach has the potential to encourage policy innovations for making toxicity monitoring grassroots based and more effective in reducing acute contamination emergencies.     

化学沉淀组合电催化氧化处理脱硫废液技术研究

真空碳酸钾脱硫工艺碱洗段废液因含有高浓度硫化物、COD等有毒成分而影响焦化废水后续生物处理。以焦化企业实际碱洗段废液为研究对象,选用化学沉淀和电催化氧化的组合方式对其进行预处理。结果表明,室温下当氧化铜的投加量为65 g/L、反应时间60 min时废液中S2-去除率可达93%,且经过高温灼烧可实现Cu O沉淀剂的再生使用。沉淀后出水经电催化氧化处理,在电流10 A、电压4.9 V、电解时间120 min的条件下,出水COD可降至2 400 mg/L,满足常规生化系统进水的要求。     

基于SEM与员工感知的高速铁路人因安全影响机理研究

为了揭示环境因素、岗位质量、作业负荷对高速铁路人因安全的影响机理,在解析高速铁路人因安全内涵特征的基础上,建立高速铁路人因安全影响分析的结构方程模型。利用问卷调查采集实际数据,采用LISREL软件进行模型评价,以获取各个影响因素对高速铁路人因安全的影响机理。结果表明:环境因素、岗位质量、作业负荷对高速铁路人因安全的影响程度不同,岗位质量影响较明显影响系数达到0.68,岗位质量同时对作业负荷产生影响,影响系数达到0.67;人因安全管理水平、人因安全控制策略与岗位适应性的影响系数分别为0.91、0.85、0.96。     

化学热洗法处理页岩气开采废钻井液

针对页岩气开采过程中所产生的废钻井液处理,采用化学热洗的方法对废钻井液进行了油、水、固三相分离,并使用5%的清洗剂对废钻井液中的泥砂和岩屑进行除油。结果表明:温度为40℃、搅拌转速为160 r/min、破稳剂浓度为50 g/L、清洗剂的浓度为5%时,废钻井液中油的回收率达到了98%,泥砂与岩屑的含油量均小于2%。     

丹江口库区湿地自然保护区现状及保护对策

湖北丹江口库区湿地自然保护区是"内陆湿地和水域生态系统类型"自然保护区,但受人为活动的影响,水文情势改变,保护区的湿地生态系统受到一定的威胁。基于丹江口库区湿地自然保护区现状,从合理调整保护区范围、全面加强湿地生态建设、加强环境污染防治、建立有效的湿地保护管理协调机制、加强湿地保护知识的宣传等方面,构建和谐生态,实现人与自然协调发展。