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91.
基于近15年的实测数据,分析给出了长江河口控制站徐六泾悬沙浓度和组成的变化特性。研究表明:徐六泾站多年平均表层(2003~2017年)、中层和底层(2010~2017年)含沙量分别为0.07、0.07和0.13 g/L;表层(2004~2017年)、中层和底层(2009~2017年)的中值粒径分别为7.3、9.4和11.0 μm。研究期间,年平均含沙量呈显著下降趋势,洪季较枯季降幅更明显。其中2015~2017年均洪枯季表层含沙量较2003~2005年均值分别降低了57%和20%;表层含沙量在2008年出现明显降低的拐点,2008年之后的洪枯季表层含沙量较之前分别降低56%和44%。悬沙粒度具有一定的波动变化,但没有显著趋势性变化特征,或与样本数量限制和流域内人类活动有关。 相似文献
92.
磷酸微波活化多孔生物质炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以甘蔗渣为原料,采用微波辅助H3PO4活化法制备富含含氧酸官能团的中孔生物质炭。通过扫描电子显微镜SEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱FT-IR等技术对生物质炭物理化学性质进行表征,并通过静态实验法,探讨炭样对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为及热力学性质。结果表明,H3PO4活化制备蔗渣生物质炭的适宜条件为浸渍比1:1,烘干时间10h,活化功率900W,活化时间22min,在此条件下制得的生物质炭得率为39.2%,碘值为817mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为229mg/g,为国家一级品标准的1.7倍。红外光谱分析表明,炭样表面以羟基、羰基、羧基等酸性官能团为主。静态吸附实验表明,Freundlich方程与Redlich—Peterson方程能较好地描述等温吸附行为,表现为优惠吸附。热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能(△G0)〈0,说明吸附反应是自发过程,而吸附标准焓变(△H0)〉70KJ/mol,表明亚甲基蓝在制备炭样上的吸附是吸热反应,升温有利于吸附,且化学反应在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
93.
利用废旧冰箱拆解的聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PU)和聚丙烯(PP)、聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为原料,采用物理化学回收技术制备PU/PP复合材料。用正交实验法分析PU填充量、PU粒径和PP-g-MAH 3个因素对PU/PP复合材料力学性能影响的显著性。结果表明,PU填充量对PU/PP复合材料拉伸性能有显著影响,对冲击性能和弯曲性能没有显著影响;在本文的实验范围内,PU粒径对PU/PP复合材料的力学性能影响不大;而PP-g-MAH投加量对PU/PP复合材料具有一定的影响。确定的优化工艺配方为:PU 40%;PU粒径选择2.00 mm;PP-g-MAH投加量10%。采用优化工艺制备的PU/PP复合材料的密度为1 042.88 kg/m3;冲击强度为2.9 kJ/m2;拉伸强度为10.30 MPa;拉伸模量为1 100 MPa;弯曲强度为18.5 MPa;弯曲模量为733 MPa。 相似文献
94.
海口市臭氧污染特征 总被引:8,自引:7,他引:1
基于2013—2015年海口市4个空气质量自动监测站点数据,结合气象资料,分析了海口市O_3的污染特征。结果表明:海口市O_3总体优良,优良天数比例为99.4%,污染天数均为轻度污染;在良和污染天数中,O_3作为首要污染物的天数占40%,超过其他5项污染物占比。海口市10月O_3浓度最高。O_3月均浓度与温度呈负相关关系,同时与风向有密切关系:5—8月气温较高,以南风为主,O_3浓度较低;1月北风频率较高,易受外来污染传输作用,O_3浓度相对较高。O_3超标日以东北风为主,日变化并未呈现单峰型特征,12:00—22:00时段O_3浓度在10%范围内小幅变化。台风外围型和北方冷高压底部型是造成海口市O_3超标的2类典型天气形势。 相似文献
95.
Qing-yan Liu Fang Yang Xiao-feng Sun Zhi-hua Liu Gang Li 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):134-143
This paper presented a novel process for production of furfural by hydrothermal degradation of corncob over biochar catalyst, in which it was prepared with the recycling degradation solution and lignocellulosic solid residues. The biochar catalyst was papered by lignocellulose residues and concentrated saccharide solution, and then impregnated in 0.5 mol/L sulphuric acid at room temperature for 24 h assisted by the ultrasonic vibration. In the system of recycling, 8.8 % lignocellulose residues and 100 % concentrated saccharide solution from corncob hydrolysis have been recycled. Hydrolysis of corncob was carried out at 180 °C for duration of 170 min over the biochar catalyst. The experimental results have shown that the furfural yield of up to 37.75 % and overall corncob conversion rate of 62.00 % could be achieved under optimum operating conditions for the catalysts preparation and the corncob hydrolysis. It is believed that the acid density of 4.27 mmol/g of biochar catalyst makes the SO3H groups cleave β-1,4 glycosidic linkages effectively and hydrolyze the cellulose and hemicellulose to water-soluble sugars, as well as to facilitate dehydration of xylose to give the product of furfural. 相似文献
96.
全球紧急灾难数据库EM-DAT(Emergency Events Database,简称EM-DAT)中1900~ 2018年的自然灾害数据,综合趋势检验及突变点检测方法、标准差椭圆空间统计方法,探究灾害的时空分布、演变趋势及不同灾害之间的相关性.结果 表明:(1)洪水、干旱和风暴的危害性较大.其中,洪水发生次数最多,干旱造成的死亡人数最多,风暴造成的经济损失最为惨重;(2)从时间上来看,灾害发生次数先增加后稍有减少,总体呈上升趋势;因灾死亡人数则自1932年后大幅度减少,呈下降趋势;灾害经济损失持续增加,呈上升趋势;(3)从空间上来看,灾害发生次数分布格局呈南北方向扩张、东西方向收缩趋势,整体往东南方向移动;灾害死亡人数空间分布先呈现西北-东南分布格局,后转变成西南-东北格局,且这种格局不断弱化,直到最后重新呈现西北-东南分布格局;灾害经济损失重心东西方向移动距离大于南北方向,经济损失主方向总体向西北方向转移;(4)洪水、风暴、地震、流行病、滑坡5种灾害与所有灾害均呈显著正相关,相关性系数都达到0.57以上,相互作用较强,其中,地震与风暴两种灾害间的相关性系数最高(为0.906). 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
Teng-Fei?Ma You-Peng?ChenEmail author Jia?Kang Xu?Gao Jin-Song?Guo Fang?FangEmail author Xiao-Tian?Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(23):23415-23421
Biological aerated filters (BAFs) are widely used for the treatment of micropolluted surface water. However, the biological process produces dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), which, as precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products, pose potential threats to drinking water safety. Therefore, to control DON in BAF effluent, it is necessary to study the influence of BAF operation parameters on DON production. In this study, the influence of filtration velocity in a BAF on DON production was investigated. Under different filtration velocity (0.5, 2, and 4 m/h) conditions, profiles of DON concentrations along the media layer were measured. The profile at a filtration velocity of 0.5 m/h showed a decreasing trend, and the ones under filtration velocities of 2 and 4 m/h fluctuated in a small range (from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/L). Moreover, the relatively high filtration velocities of 2 and 4 m/h resulted in a lower level of DON concentration. Additionally, 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize DON. It is found that the patterns of DON at a relatively high filtration velocity condition (4 m/h) were obviously different from the ones under low filtration velocity conditions (0.5 and 2 m/h). 相似文献
100.
Mei-Ling Fang Ching-Yi Wu Ming-Shean Chou 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(7):755-762
Some metal etching operations emit limited flow rates of waste gases with reddish-brown NO2 fume, which may cause visual and acidic-odor complaints, as well as negative health effects. In this study, tests were performed by passing caustic-treated waste gases vented from Al-etching operations through columns packed either with virgin or regenerated granular activated carbon (GAC) to test their adsorptive conversion performance of NO2 in the gases. The gases contained 5–55 ppm NO2 and acetic and nitric acids of below 3 ppm. Exhausted carbon was regenerated by scrubbing it with caustic solution and water, and dried for further adsorption tests. Results indicate that with an (empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 0.15 sec for the gas through the GAC-packed space, around 60% of the influent NO2 of 54 ppm could be removed, and 47% of the removed NO2 was converted by and desorbed from the carbon as NO. GAC used in the present study could be regenerated at least twice to restore its capacity for NO2 adsorption. Within EBRTs of 0.076–0.18 sec, the adsorptive conversion capacity was linearly varied with EBRT. In practice, with an EBRT of 0.20 sec, a conversion capacity of 0.80 kg NO2 (kg GAC)?1 with an influent NO2 of 40 ppm can be used as a basis for system design.Implications: Some metal etching operations emit waste gases with reddish-brown (yellow when diluted) NO2 fume which may cause visual and acidic-odor complaints, as well as negative health effects. This study provides a simple process for the adsorptive conversion of NO2 in caustic-treated waste gases vented from metal-etching operations through a GAC column. With an EBRT of 0.20 sec, a conversion capacity of 0.80 kg NO2 (kg GAC)?1 with an influent NO2 of 40 ppm can be used as a basis for system design. Saturated GAC can be regenerated at least twice by simply scrubbing it with aqueous caustic solution. 相似文献