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11.
The detoxification mechanisms of the aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., exposed to Cr was analyzed. In addition, the influence of Cr salts (as Cr nitrate, chloride and potassium bichromate) on these mechanisms has also been studied. The activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11.), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7.) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2.) increased in plants treated with Cr concentrations ranging from 6.25x10(-5) to 6.25mM when given as Cr(NO(3))(3). Antioxidant enzymes responded to the other two salts CrCl(3) and K(2)Cr(2)O(7) only with Cr concentrations higher than 6.25x10(-2)mM. Glutathione level and GSSG/GSH ratio also responded to Cr exposure but no dose-effect relationship could be observed. Moreover, two unknown thiol compounds were observed in mosses exposed to the highest Cr concentrations. Effects on chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll a/b ratios were also shown even at low Cr concentrations. Our results indicated that environmentally realistic concentrations of Cr could lead to impairment of the cellular activity towards F. antipyretica and that Cr(III), when present as a nitrate salt, was as harmful as Cr(VI). 相似文献
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Lacaze E Devaux A Mons R Bony S Garric J Geffard A Geffard O 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1682-1691
The aim of this study was to propose a tool for freshwater environmental genotoxicity assessment using Gammarus fossarum, a high ecologically relevant species. In a first part, gammarids were caged upstream and downstream wastewater treatment plant effluent output. The sensitivity of genotoxic responses of haemocytes, oocytes and spermatozoa was compared using the Comet assay. Spermatozoa appeared to be the most sensitive, suitable and relevant cell type for genotoxicity risk assessment. In a second part, a watershed-scale study was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the applicability of our caging procedure. The genotoxic impact of a contamination was followed, taking into account seasonal variability. DNA damage in spermatozoa exhibited low basal level and low variability in control upstream sites, providing a reliable discrimination of polluted sites. Finally, DNA damage in caged G. fossarum has been proved to be a sensitive and reproducible tool for freshwater genotoxicity assessment. 相似文献
15.
Ahde El Imache Sylvie Dousset Ahmed Satrallah Abdelmalek Dahchour 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):161-167
The Gharb region in Morocco is an important agricultural zone where soils receive pesticide treatments and organic amendments to increase yields. The groundwater aquifer in the Gharb region is relatively shallow and thus vulnerable. The objective of this work was to study the influence of organic amendments on diuron, cyhalofop-butyl and procymidone leaching through undisturbed soil columns. Two soils were sampled from the Gharb region, a Dehs (sandy soil) and a R’mel (loamy clay soil). Following elution (124.5 mm), the amount of pesticide residues in the leachates of the sandy soil (0.06–0.21 %) was lower than in those of the loamy clay soil (0.20–0.36 %), which was probably due to preferential flow through the loamy clay soil. The amount of procymidone leached through the amended soil columns was greater than the control for the sandy soil only. The organic amendments did not significantly influence diuron and cyhalofop-butyl leaching in either of the soils. The application of organic amendments affected the amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) eluted and thus pesticide leaching as a function of soil-type. Nevertheless, in some case, the formation of pesticide-DOM complexes appeared to promote pesticide leaching, thus increasing groundwater contamination risks. 相似文献
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The level of specialization of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema scapterisci with its native Xenorhabdus symbiont was investigated by testing (1) the influence of non-native bacterial strains on nematode fitness within an insect-host
(Galleria mellonella) and (2) specificity of the association between the nematode infective juveniles and non-native bacteria. All non-native
Xenorhabdus spp. or Photorhabdus spp. strains tested were mutualistically associated with other entomopathogenic nematodes in nature. We showed that most
of the Xenorhabdus spp. strains tested led to an insignificant difference of the nematode's fitness compared to the one obtained with the native
bacterium. Conversely, Photorhabdus spp. strains almost entirely abolished nematode reproduction. The phylogenetic analysis of bacterial strains tested, showed
that there was a negative correlation between S. scapterisci's reproduction rate with a bacterial strain and the genetic distance of this bacterial strain from the native one. We also
showed that the native bacterium was the only one which was transmitted by S. scapterisci's infective juveniles. All these results, suggested a specialization between S. scapterisci and its native Xenorhabdus. As the same phenomenon was already demonstrated in the association between S. carpocapsae and X. nematophila, specialization between partners would not be an exception in entomopathogenic nematode-bacteria interactions. Nevertheless,
S. scapterisci showed a dramatically higher compatibility with non-native Xenorhabdus spp. strains than did S. carpocapsae, suggesting differences in the co-evolutionary processes between nematodes and bacteria in these two model systems.Table 1 List of the bacterial strains, native nematode species with their geographical origin, accession numbers of bacterial 16S
rDNA partial sequences and number of combination experiments for each bacterium tested
相似文献
Bacterial species and strains | Native nematode species | Accession no. of the 16S rDNA sequence | Geographical origin | No. of combination experiments |
---|---|---|---|---|
X. innexi UY61 | S. scapterisci | AY521243 | Uruguay | 80 |
X. poinarii SK72 | S. glaseri | AY521239 | USA | 40 |
X. beddingii Q58 | Steinernema sp. | D78006 | Australia | 40 |
X. bovienii FR10 | S. feltiae | AY521240 | France | 40 |
Xenorhabdus sp. USTX62 | S. riobrave | AY521244 | USA | 40 |
X. nematophila F1 | S. carpocapsae | AY521241 | France | 40 |
P. luminescens TT01 | H. bacteriophora | AJ007404 | Trinidad | 40 |
P. temperata XLNACH | H. megidis | AJ007405 | Russia | 40 |
18.
El Zrelli Radhouan Rabaoui Lotfi Daghbouj Nabil Abda Heithem Castet Sylvie Josse Claudie van Beek Pieter Souhaut Marc Michel Sylvain Bejaoui Nejla Courjault-Radé Pierre 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14690-14702
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the establishment of the coastal industrial complex in Gabes city (Gulf of Gabes, SE Tunisia), hundred million tons of untreated phosphogypsum... 相似文献
19.
Jelena Cvejic Sylvie Tambutté Severine Lotto Momir Mikov Ivan Slacanin Denis Allemand 《Marine Biology》2007,152(4):855-862
Corallium rubrum is the most famous and precious coral due to the intense characteristic red colour of its skeleton. We have determined the
presence of carotenoids in natural samples of C. rubrum from Marseille, Riou, and investigated their chemical composition. Analysis was performed both on soft tissues and hard tissues
including spicules and skeleton. Since hard tissues are made of a mineral fraction and an organic fraction obtained after
demineralization, extraction was performed both with and without demineralization by EDTA. The extracts were analyzed by complementary
methods of TLC, HPLC/DAD and HPLC/MS. The components were separated by RP-18 chromatography column using acetonitrile/methanol
for HPLC/DAD and acetonitrile/water gradient for HPLC/MS analysis. Our results give the first evidence of the presence of
canthaxanthin, 4,4′-diketo-β-carotene, as the major carotenoid in all samples. Spicules exhibited higher content in carotenoids
than skeleton. Demineralization treatment improved the efficiency of carotenoid extraction by an average factor of 5 and showed
that organic matrix contains canthaxanthin. 相似文献
20.
Potential allelopathic effect of Pinus halepensis in the secondary succession: an experimental approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine Fernandez Benjamin Lelong Bruno Vila Jean-Philippe Mévy Christine Robles Stéphane Greff Sylvie Dupouyet Anne Bousquet-Mélou 《Chemoecology》2006,16(2):97-105
Summary. Recent economic and social changes in north Mediterranean regions have led to an important rural depopulation. Consequently,
meadows developed on abandoned agricultural lands (characterized by high species richness) undergo reforestation. These former
fields are mainly colonized by Pinus halepensis Miller, which is known to synthetize a wide range of secondary metabolites, among these, some could influence plant succession
through allelopathy. The allelopathic potential of P. halepensis, was tested against two target species (Lactuca sativa L. and Linum strictum L.) with aqueous extracts obtained from different organs (root and needle) taking into account the individual age (±10, ±30
and > 60 years old). Root and needle extracts affected differently germination and growth of the two target species, the responses
varying with concentration of extracts, age and organs tested. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed on the germination
and growth of L. strictum, exposed to needle extracts of young P. halepensis (±10 years old), and root extracts of older P. halepensis (> 30 years old). These extracts contained several phenolic acids (e.g. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid), which are known as allelochemicals and their concentrations vary with age and
organ tested. Hence, P. halepensis could influence secondary succession through the release of potential allelochemicals in the environment by leaf leachates
or root exudates. 相似文献