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121.
Jingyan Li Tingting Xu Xiaohui Lu Hong Chen Sergey A. Nizkorodov Jianmin Chen Xin Yang Zhaoyu Mo Zhiming Chen Huilin Liu Jingying Mao Guiyun Liang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):184-195
Time-resolved single-particle measurements were conducted during Chinese New Year in Nanning, China. Firework displays resulted in a burst of SO_2, coarse mode, and accumulation mode(100–500 nm) particles. Through single particle mass spectrometry analysis, five different types of particles(fireworks-metal, ash, dust, organic carbon-sulfate(OC-sulfate), biomass burning) with different size distributions were identified as primary emissions from firework displays. The fireworks-related particles accounted for more than70% of the total analyzed particles during severe firework detonations. The formation of secondary particulate sulfate and nitrate during firework events was investigated on single particle level. An increase of sulfite peak(80SO_3~-) followed by an increase of sulfate peaks(97HSO_4~-+ 96SO_4~-) in the mass spectra during firework displays indicated the aqueous uptake and oxidation of SO_2 on particles. High concentration of gaseous SO_2, high relative humidity and high particle loading likely promoted SO_2 oxidation. Secondary nitrate formed through gas-phase oxidation of NO_2 to nitric acid, followed by the condensation into particles as ammonium nitrate. This study shows that under worm, humid conditions, both primary and secondary aerosols contribute to the particulate air pollution during firework displays. 相似文献
122.
采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS),对经过硝酸-高氯酸消解后的锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人体头发样品中重金属铋(Bi)含量进行分析。结果表明,锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人体头发中Bi的检出率分别为95.5%、22.7%,矿区居民人体头发中Bi含量显著高于作为对照的贵阳市居民人体头发中的Bi含量。锡矿山矿区男性和女性居民人发中Bi质量分数范围分别为0.0079~0.1842μg?g-1、0.0080~0.1403μg?g-1,平均值(中位数)分别为0.0480(0.0280)μg?g-1、0.0482(0.0397)μg?g-1,矿区较高的人发Bi含量主要集中在30~49岁的中年人群中。通过独立样本t检验发现,锡矿山矿区男性和女性发样中Bi含量差异不显著(p〉0.05)。研究结果说明锑矿开采和冶炼区域重金属Bi对人体健康的危害明显比非矿区严重。 相似文献
123.
Qingming Liu Yongli Hu Chunhua Bai Mo Chen 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(2):310-316
Methane/coal dust/air explosions under strong ignition conditions have been studied in a 199 mm inner diameter and 30.8 m long horizontal tube. A fuel gas/air manifold assembly was used to introduce methane and air into the experimental tube, and an array of 44 equally spaced dust dispersion units was used to disperse coal dust particles into the tube. The methane/coal dust/air mixture was ignited by a 7 m long epoxypropane mist cloud explosion. A deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) was observed, and a self-sustained detonation wave characterized by the existence of a transverse wave was propagated in the methane/coal dust/air mixtures.The suppressing effects on methane/coal dust/air mixture explosions of three solid particle suppressing agents have been studied. Coal dust and the suppressing agent were injected into the experimental tube by the dust dispersion units. The length of the suppression was 14 m. The suppression agents examined in this study comprised ABC powder, SiO2 powder, and rock dust powder (CaCO3). Methane/coal dust/air explosions can be efficiently suppressed by the suppression agents characterized by the rapid decrease in overpressure and propagating velocity of the explosion waves. 相似文献
124.
Liding Chen Lei Yang Wei Wei Ziting Wang Baoru Mo Guojun Cai 《Environmental management》2013,51(1):126-137
The Chinese government initiated a massive conservation program called “Grain-for-Green” in 1999 to reduce soil erosion and improve ecosystem function. Implementing practical sustainable development in the loess plateau still remains problematic, particularly in its eco-fragile areas. Here we discussed an approach for sustainable development at the watershed scale by integrating land use suitability, ecosystem services and public participation in the loess hilly area. We linked land use scenario analysis and economic modeling to compare the outcomes of three scenarios, CLU (Current Land Use), GOLU (Grain-production Oriented Land Use) and PSLU (Potential Sustainable Land Use). The results indicated that compared to PSLU, GOLU may provide a higher economic productivity in the short-term, but not in the long-term. CLU ranked lowest in terms of economic benefits and did not meet the daily needs of the local farmers. To reconcile the land use adjustments with farmers’ basic needs, a labor-saving land use strategy is necessary. Since the PSLU scenario assumes that slope cropland should be converted to pastures or orchards, more time may be available for off-farm work and for more public participation in integrated ecosystem management. Financial support to the local farmers for environmental conservation should be modulated in function of their positive contribution to ecosystem management. 相似文献
125.
南通龙王桥河沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究对南通通甲河支流龙王桥河的表层沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)随时间的变化情况,AVS与同步浸提重金属(SEM)的关系,以及AVS与有机质(OM)的关系进行了一个月的监测。结果表明:①龙王桥河表层沉积物中AVS的平均含量为1700mg/kg,远高于其他河段,上覆水中AVS的含量达到1.0mg/L,污染严重;②归一法算得SEM/AVS1,沉积物中重金属主要以硫化物形式存在;③沉积物中OM含量与AVS有相关性,OM较高时AVS的含量也较高。 相似文献
126.
127.
三维电极法对印染废水脱色的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对三维电极方法处理模拟印染废水的脱色进行了实验研究,初步探讨了三维电极处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种因素,如曝气、填充物质种类、活性炭与铁屑重量比、槽电压、电极间距、初始废水pH值等进行了条件实验。实验结果表明:不曝气的脱色效果比曝气的脱色效果好;填充物为混合物活性炭与铁屑比活性炭、无填充物的脱色效果好;混合物活性炭和铁屑重量比为2:1时的脱色效果最佳;槽电压越高,脱色效果越好,但当大于某个值16v时,处理效果反而会下降;电极间距越小,脱色效果越好,但间距小于1.5cm时易短路而影响脱色效果;中性条件下的脱色率要优于酸性和碱性条件下的;综合考虑,在不曝气,活性炭和铁屑重量比为2:1,槽电压为16v,电极间距为6cm,溶液浓度为200mg/L,pH=6的条件下,降解时间为90win,脱色率可达98.7%。 相似文献
128.
129.
试验研究了IC反应器处理罗汉果加工废液的启动特性以及效果,并考察了启动过程中反应器的产气性能和菌群形态。结果表明,在保持进水量不变,逐步增加进水浓度以提高有机负荷的情况下,仅40d反应器便完成启动,此时,IC反应器的COD有机负荷达7.586kg/(m3·d),COD去除率达95.6%,反应器产气量可达20.9L/d,产气率达89.9%,其中甲烷含量高达74.6%。启动成功后,形成具有一定机械强度、密实且沉降性能良好的颗粒物污泥。颗粒污泥呈深灰色,粒径约为0.5~3.5mm。颗粒污泥中以球菌和链状杆菌占优势。 相似文献
130.
Fenton试剂是一种氧化能力较强的氧化剂,广泛应用于废水处理中。生物合成技术的迅猛发展导致发酵废水量不断增大;发酵产生的水溶性中间体和产物以及后期产品分离过程中有机溶剂的使用为废水处理提出了新的挑战。本文利用Fenton试剂处理高浓度间苯三酚发酵液废水,考察了Fenton反应对COD去除率的最佳条件。通过实验得出的最佳条件为∶双氧水与COD的浓度比为1.5∶1,Fe2+与H2O2的最佳摩尔比为1∶12,最佳初始pH值为3.0,反应时间为5h。在此最佳条件下,废水COD的最大去除率为90.62%。通过多次Fenton反应得出,Fenton试剂对高浓度工业废水COD具有更好的去除率。 相似文献