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141.
An attempt has been made to produce stable water–diesel emulsion with optimal formulation and process parameters and to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using this stable water–diesel emulsion. A total of 54 samples were prepared with varying water/diesel ratio, surfactant amount and stirring speed and water separation was recorded after 24 and 48 hr of emulsification. The recorded data were used in artificial neural network (ANN)-particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to find the optimal parameters to produce water–diesel emulsion for engine testing. The predicted optimal parameters were found as 20% water to diesel ratio, 0.9% surfactant and 2200 rpm of stirrer for a water separation of 14.33% in one day with a variation of 6.54% against the actual value of water separation. Water–diesel emulsion fuel exhibited similar fuel properties as base fuel. The peak cylinder gas pressure, peak pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate for water–diesel were found higher as compared to diesel at medium to full engine loads. The improved air-fuel mixing in water–diesel emulsion enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of engine. The absorption of heat by water droplets present in water–diesel emulsion led to reduced exhaust gas temperature (EGT). With water–diesel emulsion fuel, the mean carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions reduced by 8.80, 39.60, and 26.11%, respectively as compared to diesel. 相似文献
142.
143.
A review of textile industry: Wet processing,environmental impacts,and effluent treatment methods 下载免费PDF全文
The word “textile” means to weave and was taken from the Latin word “texere.” Nowadays, textiles not only fulfill humankind's basic necessity for clothing, they also allow individuals to make fashion statements. As one of the oldest industries, the textile industry occupies a unique place in India. It is responsible for 14% of the total industrial manufacture in India. However, the textile industry is also considered to be one of the biggest threats to the environment. Pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations are among the various stages of the industrial textile manufacturing process. These fabrication operations not only utilize huge quantities of power and water, they also generate considerable amounts of waste. The textile industry utilizes a number of dyes, chemicals, and other materials to impart the required qualities to the fabrics. These operations produce a significant amount of effluents. The quality of effluents is such that they cannot be put to other uses, and they can create environmental problems if they are disposed of without appropriate treatment. This review discusses different textile processing stages, pollution problems associated with these stages, and their eco‐friendly alternatives. Textile wet processing is described in detail, as it is the key process in the industry and it also generates the greatest amount of pollutants in textile processing. The environmental impact of textile effluents is discussed, as textile effluents not only impose negative effects on the quality of water and soil, they also imperil plant and animal health. In this paper, various methods for treating textile effluents are described. Discussion of physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment technologies of effluent treatment are included in this paper. 相似文献
144.
ABSTRACTThe Longmen Shan fault area in southwest China is one of the world’s most active earthquake zones. The epicenters of the two most recent earthquakes, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (8.0?Ms) and the 2013 Lushan earthquake (7.0?Ms), both of which caused serious losses, were only 85?km apart. Community-based disaster risk reduction is the foundation of the disaster management system pyramid and is critical to the success of ‘sustainable hazard mitigation’. Based on multiple collaborative stakeholder perspectives, this paper examines public participation in an NGO-oriented Community for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (N-CDPM) in the period between the two earthquakes as a multi-stage problem; N-CDPM establishment, normal operations, disaster testing, and continuous improvement. Multi-stage field research was conducted in the affected areas in the Longmen Shan fault area to examine the collaboration in each stage, after which the differences were compared across the four stages based on eight key indices; scales, core stakeholders, core network stability, mean number of lines, mean collaborative level, governments, and individual and public organization participation. The government participation, individual participation, and public organization participation are then discussed. This paper provides a novel research approach to CDPM in multiple earthquake regions and gives rich insights into the collaboration between the government and the public for N-CDPM. 相似文献
145.
Sajjad Haider Rab Nawaz Muzammil Anjum Tahir Haneef Vipin Kumar Oad Salah Uddinkhan Rawaiz Khan Muhammad Aqif 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):111
146.
史璐涵 张颖仪 KUNWAR Bhagawati DESHMUKH Dhananjay Kumar KAWAMURA Kimitak 岳玎利 赵燕 赖森潮 《中国环境监测》2023,39(1):81-91
于2018年冬季在广州城区磨碟沙站点开展细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品采集,并获得PM2.5中水溶性离子、含碳组分、稳定碳氮同位素的组成及时间变化特征,重点讨论了PM2.5浓度升高时段的化学组成特征变化,进而利用稳定碳氮同位素变化特征探究了主要污染来源。结果表明:采样期间,研究站点PM2.5平均质量浓度为22.1μg/m3,共出现两个PM2.5浓度水平升高时段,所对应的平均质量浓度分别达46.0μg/m3和63.0μg/m3。风速降低、温度升高等不利气象条件是导致上述时段PM2.5浓度上升的重要原因。在上述时段,伴随着PM2.5浓度的升高,NO-3和NH+4浓度均出现显著升高,NO-3与SO2-4的摩... 相似文献
147.
Analysis of Meteorological Drought Pattern During Different Climatic and Cropping Seasons in Bangladesh 下载免费PDF全文
Mahiuddin Alamgir Shamsuddin Shahid Manzul Kumar Hazarika Syams Nashrrullah Sobri Bin Harun Supiah Shamsudin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(3):794-806
Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agro‐based economy and people's livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre‐Kharif (March‐May), Kharif (May‐October), and Rabi (December‐February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years (1961‐2010). The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh. 相似文献
148.
Kaur Gurleenjot Singh Neetu Rajor Anita Arya Raj Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8485-8499
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The huge demand and consumption of DOX, its incomplete metabolism, and complex behavior in atmosphere are causing a great ecological issue, which... 相似文献
149.
Kaur Manpreet Mehta Surinder Kumar Kansal Sushil Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8464-8484
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Existence of pharmaceutical residues in water has endangered environmental pollution worldwide, which makes it ineludible to develop prospective... 相似文献
150.
Sehrawat Ravin Sahdev Ravinder Kumar Tiwari Sumit 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11175-11198
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Solar energy is a vast renewable energy source, but uncertainty in the demand and supply of energy due to various geographical regions raises a... 相似文献