生化净水工艺系统节约混凝剂和液氯用量生产性研究

用生化净水工艺和传统净水工艺系统进行了受污染姚江水源水的对比试验研究,以探讨生化系统节约的混凝剂和液氯用量。结果表明,在相同的净水条件下,生化工艺系统处理污染原水比传统净水工艺节约混凝剂硫酸铝50％以上,节约液氯75％～80％,具有显著的经济、社会效益。     

微量滴定法测定微痕量铀的研究及应用

在磷酸介质中,试样经硫酸亚铁铵、亚硝酸钠、尿素预处理后,铀为4价,以二苯基联苯胺二磺酸钠为指示剂,用标准钒酸铵滴定至微红色,实现了不经分离与富集直接测定。ｎ×10－5g／g以上的痕量铀的微量滴定分析。方法简便、快速、廉价,环境污染少。     

乳状液膜技术在处理重金属废水中的研究和应用

重金属废水来源广泛且危害极大,利用乳状液膜技术处理重金属废水能实现环境保护与资源回收的双重目的。文中介绍了这一领域中的研究和应用情况,并针对不足之处提出了新的建议。      

Naproxen,ibuprofen, and diclofenac residues in river water,sediments and Eichhornia crassipes of Mbokodweni river in South Africa: An initial screening

In the last 5 years, naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac have been the subject of investigation in the South African water resources. In this study, their occurrence in river water, sediments and aquatic plants was investigated. The concentrations of compounds detected in river water and sediments varied from 0.59 to 2.3 µg L^?1 and 0.2 to 9.2?ng g^?1, respectively. The partitioning coefficients (L kg^?1) for naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac varied from one sampling location to the other in ranges of 3.36–4, 1.3–1.9 and 0.13–0.91, respectively. This indicates that the fate of these pharmaceuticals can be influenced by the surrounding conditions such as climate and presence of other water pollutants as well as differences in physicochemical parameters. In the aquatic plant species (Eichhornia crassipes), the concentrations of target compounds varied in different parts of the plant material (roots, stems and leaves). Naproxen was the most abundant in Eichhornia crassipes, with the maximum concentration of 12.0?ng g^?1 found in leaves. In this initial assessment, we found no rational trend for the concentrations detected in various parts of Eichhornia crassipes, however, it is speculated that these pharmaceuticals diffuse from water into the roots of the aquatic plants and get translocated into the stem and leaves. Overall, the occurrence of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in river water, sediments and Eichhornia crassipes was observed, which is an indication that Eichhornia crassipes has the ability to reduce water pollution through the uptake of pharmaceuticals through plant roots.     

加油站气液比检测方法及其影响

气液比(A/L)是加油站油气回收系统的一项重要控制指标,利用A/L测试仪、光离子化VOCs检测仪和油气排放因子测试装置,研究了不同A/L检测连接方式对A/L检测结果、检测人员暴露浓度、油气排放和油气回收效率等的影响。结果表明,不同连接方式和是否预先向检测油桶注油会导致A/L检测结果不一致,如果油桶与流量计不连接,A/L检测值将是实际A/L的1.04倍,当按照A/L=1.00~1.20调整加油枪A/L时,实际A/L将在0.96~1.15之间;按照国标GB20952-2007连接方式检测A/L可以减少检测过程中约80%的加油油气排放,夏季检测人员暴露油气浓度将由451×10-6(体积浓度)下降至91×10-6(体积浓度),油气排放因子将由1 056 mg/L下降至242 mg/L,更可减少因油罐吸入空气造成额外的汽油挥发排放,但不能减少倒油油气排放。     

SCR氨区的运行维护

液氨是选择性催化还原脱硝法（ SCR）工艺首选的脱硝反应剂,它属于危险化学品。氨区的安全运行是SCR系统安全运行的基础保障。从氨区的运行、维护、人员防护和事故处理等方面阐述了SCR系统运行维护中需要注意的一些关键点。     

Rapid and Sensitive LC/MS/MS Direct Injection Method for the Determination of Trace Level Corexit EC9500A Oil Dispersant in Seawater

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of trace dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) concentrations in seawater samples has been established. The method is well suited to aquatic environment impact monitoring following application of the dispersant Corexit EC9500A. Linearity of the method was demonstrated down to 0.05 ng/mL^?1 (0.05 µgL^?1) DOSS in seawater, with a 2.4% relative standard deviation precision for preparation replicates. A US EPA method limit of detection of <0.02 ng/mL^?1 (<0.02 µgL^?1) was calculated and specificity was confirmed by monitoring of two qualifier ions at 291.1 m/z and 227.1 m/z. These transitions were confirmed by QToF analysis to be associated with the DOSS precursor ion at 421.2 m/z. For application to seawater samples and samples containing oil particulates, a practical and repeatable calibration range of 0.5 ng/mL^?1 (0.5 µgL^?1) to 25.0 ng/mL^?1 (25.0 µgL^?1) DOSS is reported. The method was shown to have excellent precision and accuracy, with a consistent ≤1.6% relative standard deviation for system suitability standards at 0.5 ng/mL^?1 (0.5 µgL^?1) and linear weighted (1/x) regression coefficients of determination ≥0.995. The surfactant nature of the analyte is discussed in relation to detection limit and loss of analyte. Speculation of a relationship between DOSS in association or aggregation with divalent cations, such as Ca²⁺ present in salt water and hard water, is suggested. The consequent effects on cell ionic balance and membrane function are discussed.     

用于普通小球藻固碳的气升式内环流平板光生物反应器设计参数优化

为构建适宜普通小球藻快速生长及生物固碳的内环流气升式平板光生物反应器,通过正交实验方法考察了表观气速(SGV)、高径比(H/D)、降流区与升流区的面积比(Ad/Ar)等设计参数对传递特性变量(气含率、液相循环流速、体积传质系数)和微藻固碳速率的影响。结果表明,SGV对微藻固碳速率影响最为显著,Ad/Ar次之,H/D最小。最适设计参数为SGV=0.3 vvm,Ad/Ar=3∶1,H/D=6∶1。SGV主要通过提高了藻液的气含率而对微藻固碳起到积极作用;微藻生长受多重因素影响,仅仅考察体积传质系数对反应器性能的提升并不全面,气含率的提高对微藻高效固碳更为有利。     

基于数据非依赖型采集质谱技术的血液脂质分子高通量分析

脂质是生物体的重要代谢分子,参与重要的细胞生物功能,已有报道表明环境中污染物会干扰生物体正常循环及代谢机制,导致脂肪代谢紊乱。基于数据非依赖型(DIA)采集质谱技术,通过优化UPLC-QTOF MS(超高效液相色谱飞行时间质谱联用)液相分离方法,开发了少量人体血液样品中脂质代谢分子的高通量分析方法,并将其应用于57个普通人群的血液样品分析,在10μL人体血液样品中检出2 598个信号,经脂代组学质谱库匹配解析鉴定出八大类1 780个脂质分子,其中分子数目占比最大的脂质为甘油磷脂类(37%),其次依次为脂肪酸类(23%)、固醇脂类(13%)、甘油脂类(10%)、鞘脂类(9.0%)、孕烯醇酮脂类(4.8%)。上述研究建立的脂质分子高通量分析方法为以脂质代谢为毒性终点的污染物毒性筛查和毒理机制研究提供方法学基础。     

Detection of antibiotics in chicken eggs obtained from supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

The residual levels of antibiotics in Vietnamese eggs were monitored from 2014 to 2015. A total of 111 egg packages, distributed by 11 different companies, were collected from supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City and the levels of 28 antibiotics were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method. Sixteen samples tested positive for antibiotics; a total of eight compounds (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, tilmicosin and trimethoprim) were detected. Enrofloxacin was detected in eight samples, with two samples exhibiting concentrations exceeding 1,000 µg kg^?1. Tilmicosin was detected in three samples at a range of 49–568 µg kg^?1. We observed that two of the 11 companies frequently sold antibiotic-contaminated eggs (detection rates of 56 and 60%), suggesting that a number of companies do not regulate the use of antibiotics in egg-laying hens. Our findings indicate that livestock farmers require instruction regarding antibiotic use and that continual antibiotic monitoring is essential in Vietnam.