Environmentally sound manufacture does not have its source only in developing and improving the techniques for treating solid,
liquid and gaseous wastes at the end of the production process. Our experience shows that more effort and capital budgets
must be devoted to developing preventive measures. Although the treatment techniques have become very advanced and meet ecological
requirements to a very high degree, they are now reaching the limits of their technological and economic feasibility. Environmental
protection at the production site has undergone structural change in recent years. The emphasis has shifted to preventive
techniques which affect the production process itself, avoiding the emergence of waste at the “end of the pipe” by preventing
its formation or recycling it straight away. This integrated approach is in harmony with the demands of sustainable production.
The functions of in-process environmental protection measures need to be looked at as a whole from the points of view of both
environmental protection and cost-effectiveness. Some integrated methods are described. 相似文献
Land taken by artificial surfaces has an impact on the quality of life and ecosystems. To reduce possible negative impacts of land take, the European Commission proposed setting a milestone objective for 2020 in terms of future rates of land take.
This paper describes a methodology to model the impacts of the 2020 land-take milestone proposed in the RERM in the European Union 27 MS. An integrated modelling framework was configured to assess the spatial impact of two land-take scenarios: a ‘Reference’ scenario, which is driven by demographic and economic trends, and a ‘Target 0’ scenario that follows the 2020 land-take milestone proposed in the RERM. We conclude that the implementation of the 2020 land-take milestone, by reducing future land take in Europe, will foster more efficient use of land (less land taken for the same activity levels) and minimise negative impacts on non-artificial land uses. 相似文献
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a continuous free surface flow wetland for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, in Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate (GAIE), Swabi, Pakistan. Industrial wastewater samples were collected from the in-let, out-let and all cells of the constructed wetland (CW) and analyzed for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) using standard methods. Similarly, samples of aquatic macrophytes and sediments were also analyzed for selected heavy metals. Results indicate that the removal efficiencies of the CW for Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Cu were 50%, 91.9%, 74.1%, 40.9%, 89%, and 48.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the CW was efficient enough to remove the heavy metals, particularly Cd, Fe, and Cu, from the industrial wastewater fed to it. However, it is suggested that the metal removal efficiency of the CW can be further enhanced by using proper management of vegetation and area expansion of the present CW. 相似文献
Protecting the climate is not costly but profitable (even if avoided climate change is worth zero), mainly because saving
fuel costs less than buying fuel. The two biggest opportunities, both sufficiently fast, are oil and electricity. The US,
for example, can eliminate its oil use by the 2040s at an average cost of 15 perbarrel (200015 per barrel (2000), half by redoubled efficiency
and half by alternative supplies, and can save three-fourths of its electricity more cheaply than operating a thermal power station. Integrative design permits this by making big energy savings cheaper than small ones, turning traditionally assumed diminishing returns into empirically observed expanding returns. Such efficiency
choices accelerate climate-safe, inexhaustible, and resilient energy supply—notably the “micropower” now delivering about
a sixth of the world’s electricity and 90% of its new electricity. These cheap, fast, market-financeable, globally applicable
options offer the most effective, yet most underestimated and overlooked, solutions for climate, proliferation, and poverty. 相似文献
This study investigates the effect of environmental investment and related spillover effects on productivity in the agricultural sector by using a panel data of horticultural firms in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The results indicate a positive relationship between firm investment in environmental practices and productivity improvement, also showing the presence of positive environmental spillovers. In a second-stage of analysis, the incidence of environmental factors in firm specific individual technical efficiency is estimated. This analysis also shows the link between environmental knowledge diffusion and horticultural firms' performance. 相似文献