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121.
5 –106 times higher compared with less sensitive species. The use of assessment factors in effect assessment procedures may lead
to an underestimation of effects on the more sensitive species.
For many priority pollutants there is little information on their ecotoxicity. Predictive techniques are needed to compensate
for this lack of data. Knowledge of the relation between modes of action of compounds and interspecies variation in sensitivity
should be integrated in risk assessment procedures in order to make more efficient use of the limited financial resources
available. 相似文献
122.
In late 2003 the Feinstein International Famine Center, in partnership with institutions in London, Geneva and Washington, organised a series of consultations on the future of humanitarian action post-Iraq. This article is based on those discussions. A number of recurring concerns are elaborated, ranging from the perception of humanitarianism as a Northern-driven and Northern-controlled enterprise, through the politicisation of security and the devaluation of the protective power of emblems, to the very nature of how the crisis in Iraq is perceived. The article explores the implications of such issues for humanitarian workers and their institutions. It concludes by framing an agenda for action by the humanitarian sector. 相似文献
123.
Nancy Grudens-Schuck 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,13(1-2):79-100
Stakeholder engagement is a crucial concept of extension education. Engagement expresses democratic values of the land-grant
mission by providing opportunities for stakeholders to influence program planning, including setting the agenda and negotiating
resource allocations. In practice, the concept of engagement guides the formation of partnerships among extension, communities,
industry, and government. In the area of sustainable agriculture, however, stakeholders may conflict, presenting challenges
to the engagement process. Results from a study of a Canadian sustainable agriculture program, produced using cultural anthropology
and participatory action research, detail challenges of the engagement process that led to reconstruction of a farmer-extension
partnership. Notable in the early phase of the reconstruction process were critical reflection, stakeholder forums, exclusion
through caucusing, and coalition building. An argument for a neopragmatist view provides a theoretical basis for understanding
counterintuitive dimensions of engagement revealed by the study. 相似文献
124.
125.
部分除草剂与重金属混合物对发光菌的毒性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以5种不同类型除草剂和4种重金属为混合物组分,探索混合物毒性变化规律.应用微板毒性分析方法,测定了百草敌、磺草灵、西草净、除草定、环嗪酮、CdCl2·2.5H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、CoSO4·7H2O和ZnSO4·7H2O对淡水发光菌—青海弧菌Q67(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.—Q67)的发光抑制毒性.应用非线性最小二乘拟合技术模拟实验剂量-效应数据.结果表明,5种除草剂与4种重金属化合物的剂量-效应曲线(DRC)均可用Weibull函数有效表征.为了全面考察各种不同浓度组成的混合物对Q67的毒性,设计了9个组分同时存在的3个等效应浓度比(EECR)混合物和10个均匀设计浓度比(UDCR)混合物.同样应用微板毒性分析方法测定了各个混合物对Q67的抑制毒性,并应用非线性最小二乘拟合技术模拟了其剂量-效应曲线.通过剂量加和(DA)与独立作用(IA)模型综合分析了各个混合物对发光菌的毒性变化规律.结果表明,不同类型除草剂与多种重金属的各种浓度组合的混合物毒性均可用DA模型进行预测和评估. 相似文献
126.
Nancy A. Auerbach Kerrie A. Wilson Ayesha I.T. Tulloch Jonathan R. Rhodes Jeffrey O. Hanson Hugh P. Possingham 《Conservation biology》2015,29(6):1626-1635
Decisions need to be made about which biodiversity management actions are undertaken to mitigate threats and about where these actions are implemented. However, management actions can interact; that is, the cost, benefit, and feasibility of one action can change when another action is undertaken. There is little guidance on how to explicitly and efficiently prioritize management for multiple threats, including deciding where to act. Integrated management could focus on one management action to abate a dominant threat or on a strategy comprising multiple actions to abate multiple threats. Furthermore management could be undertaken at sites that are in close proximity to reduce costs. We used cost‐effectiveness analysis to prioritize investments in fire management, controlling invasive predators, and reducing grazing pressure in a bio‐diverse region of southeastern Queensland, Australia. We compared outcomes of 5 management approaches based on different assumptions about interactions and quantified how investment needed, benefits expected, and the locations prioritized for implementation differed when interactions were taken into account. Managing for interactions altered decisions about where to invest and in which actions to invest and had the potential to deliver increased investment efficiency. Differences in high priority locations and actions were greatest between the approaches when we made different assumptions about how management actions deliver benefits through threat abatement: either all threats must be managed to conserve species or only one management action may be required. Threatened species management that does not consider interactions between actions may result in misplaced investments or misguided expectations of the effort required to mitigate threats to species. 相似文献
127.
关断隔离振打技术能有效减少电除尘器的二次扬尘,提高除尘效率。介绍了关断隔离振打技术的基本工作原理,并通过来试验验证了该技术的可靠性,同时介绍了宣城发电厂12号炉电除尘改造采用该技术后,电除尘器出口烟尘排放浓度低于30 mg/m3。该工程实际应用的案例验证了该技术抑制二次扬尘的效果,为相似的电除尘器提效改造提供参考。 相似文献
128.
Katarína Fatrcová-Šramková Magda Máriássyová Miroslava Kačániová 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(3):176-181
The objective of this study was to measure the content of flavonoids, polyphenols, and carotenoids in the Helianthus annuus L. bee pollen. It was also to evaluate the ability of the dried, frozen, and freeze-dried extracts of sunflower (H. annuus) pollen, its scavenged free radicals and reducing action. Another aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial in vitro action of the H. annuus pollen extracts against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. All pollen extracts showed medium antiradical activity and reductive ability. The most effective was the freeze-dried extract in both evaluation systems. The evaluation of the protective effects of DNA using a biosensor showed an opposite trending—frozen ? dried ? freeze-dried pollen. For the evaluation of antiradical activity, the DPPH method was used, and reductive ability was assessed by means of phosphomolybdic complex formation. The comparison of the polyphenols content shows higher values in freeze-dried bee pollen than in the dried and frozen pollen. The highest content of flavonoids was found in the frozen samples and the most carotenoids were present in the dried samples. In our study, the best antibacterial effects of the dried sunflower bee pollen extracts were found against Paenibacillus larvae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus raffinosus. The best inhibitory properties of the frozen sunflower bee pollen extracts were found against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Paenibacillus larvae. Very good inhibitory effects of freeze-dried sunflower bee pollen were found against Paenibacillus larvae, Brochotrix thermosphacta, and Enterococcus raffinosus. The best antifungal activity of the sunflower bee pollen was found in the frozen bee pollen extracts against Aspergillus ochraceus and freeze-dried bee pollen extracts against Aspergillus niger. 相似文献
129.
选取污水中的污染物四环素和铜离子为二元混合物,以比吸磷率来表征二元混合物对污水生物除磷微生物的联合作用效应.采用直接均分射线法设计3种二元混合物的浓度配比(Ratio1,Ratio2,Ratio3);采用Logistic方程拟合试验数据获得浓度-效应曲线,并利用浓度加和模型分析二元混合物对生物除磷微生物的联合作用效应及关系.结果表明,不同浓度配比的二元混合物对生物除磷微生物的抑制效应均随着时间的增加逐渐增强,具有明显的时间依赖性.浓度加和模型分析表明,随着反应时间的延长,不同浓度配比的二元混合物对微生物的作用关系均是由拮抗作用逐渐过渡为加和作用和协同作用.但3组不同浓度配比的二元混合物对生物除磷微生物的相互作用也存在明显不同,在Ratio1和Ratio3中各组分所占比例差别较大,拮抗作用较明显,而在Ratio2中各组分所占比例差别较小,拮抗作用相对较弱. 相似文献
130.
为探究结冰过程中微塑料赋存对典型环境因子(总氮、总磷、盐度、化学需氧量、悬浮物)等分布及迁移规律的影响,采用室内模拟的方式研究不同条件下(结冰比例、结冰温度及方式、初始浓度)各典型环境因子在冰-水相间的分布及迁移规律,采用物质分配系数(K)表征环境因子的迁移能力。结果表明,结冰过程中冰体对环境因子具有排斥作用,不同条件下微塑料赋存对环境因子的分布规律均有一定程度的影响,由于微塑料自身特性致使原本应迁移至冰下水体中的环境因子部分滞留于冰体中,导致冰体中环境因子浓度的提高,为对照组冰体中环境因子浓度的1.13~1.49倍;同时使冰下水体中环境因子浓度下降,为对照组冰下水体中环境因子浓度的0.73~0.93倍;微塑料的赋存同时导致环境因子分配系数K值提高0.04~0.18,致使环境因子向冰下水体迁移的能力下降,但微塑料的赋存并未改变结冰过程中环境因子由冰体向冰下水体迁移的趋势,微塑料对于环境因子的携带作用小于冰体对环境因子的排斥作用;同时不同条件下结冰过程中微塑料对环境因子分布与迁移机理的影响均可以从结晶学角度与共晶理论得到解释。 相似文献