脂肪 正能量还是负能量

<正>减肥又名"减脂",因此,很多人把脂肪看成身体的"不可承受之重"。其实,脂肪不但在人体中发挥着不可或缺的生理功能,某些种类的脂肪更是对人体健康起着至关重要的作用。脂肪到底是正能量还是负能量?什么样的脂肪才是真正健康的脂肪?本文为您一一揭开。     

熬夜后该吃什么补充能量

可能你会因为工作量大而加班加点,可能你会为了增长业绩而熬夜奋斗,那么别忘记健康!加班熬夜后应及时补充营养。瘦蛋白质更健康,有效抗抑郁汉堡之类的高脂肪食品会让你觉得饱足却精力下降,消化这类食物就需要很多能量。选择瘦蛋白质,摒弃那些饱和脂肪含量高的食物吧。蛋白质是肌肉的基本组成成分,而且其中含有的氨基酸对神经传导物质有显著影响,有助于保持敏锐度。吃富含欧米茄-3的鱼类来摄     

杨树排放碳氢化合物的相关因素

采用封闭式气袋采样和气相色谱法，对杨树排放碳氢化合物（ＨＣｓ）的情况进行了调查，结果发现，与油松排放情况不同，杨树主要排放异戊二烯，约占其ＨＣｓ排放总量的９５％以上，且与温度，光强正相关，排放的日变化表明，杨树在正午有一排放高峰，夜间基本不排放，在春季和夏季日均气温分别为１９．２℃和２８．８℃，杨树的异戊二烯平均总排放速率分别为４．４和３９．８μｇ／ｇ．ｈ。     

煤矿区大气降尘饱和烃分布特征

煤矿区域粉尘较多,大气环境状况较差。应用GC-MS技术鉴定平顶山市石龙区降尘样品中饱和烃组分,分析其样品中正构烷烃的分布特征,并结合生物标志物参数解析其来源。结果表明,降尘样品中共鉴定出nC11～nC35正构烷烃、34种萜类化合物和18种甾烷化合物,还有二环倍半萜烷、烷基环己烷系列和丰富的姥鲛烷和植烷。正构烷烃碳数主要呈三峰态和双峰态分布,其碳优势指数CPI值分布在1.45～3.78之间。生物标志物参数C29甾烷20S/(20S 20R)值范围是0.34～0.40,C31霍烷22S/(22S 22R)值范围是0.54～0.59。由正构烷烃碳数分布特征和植物蜡碳数Cn(wax)分布特征、以及CPI值、甾烷和萜烷标志物参数值等分析认为,石龙区降尘饱和烃具有自然源与人为源双重来源。煤的普遍存在与其开采、加工活动密集是其最大的人为来源,而较明显的生物来源则可能为生物质碎屑或磨脱颗粒,或者是由于粗大的大气颗粒物易富集生物源正构烷烃所致。     

河南省餐饮油烟污染控制指标及排放限值探讨

分析河南省餐饮业的规模、分布及油烟污染物成分特征,从环保政策、监管、监测及指标替代性等几个方面分析,选择油烟和非甲烷总烃作为餐饮业油烟污染物控制因子。结合实测数据和国内先进研究经验,确定餐饮业油烟和非甲烷总烃的排放限值,考虑到河南省不同区域大气环境质量污染防治目标与压力,确定小型餐饮服务单位油烟排放限值执行1.5 mg/m~3,中、大型餐饮服务单位油烟排放限值执行1.0 mg/m~3,非甲烷总烃最高允许排放浓度设定为10.0 mg/m~3。并规范油烟净化设施及油烟排放口的监督管理。不仅能促进河南省油烟污染物的减排,而且促使河南省蓝天行动计划和大气污染防治攻坚战目标的实现。     

Phytotoxicity assessment of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures by a soil-based seedling emergence test

Seedling emergence tests were conducted in a meadow brown soil using five plant species ( i. e., Chinese cabbage, green onion, tomato, turnip and wheat) to determine the phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures. The soil was amended with up to 1000mg/kg soil of phenanthrene or 600 mg/kg soil of pyrene. Seedling emergence and root growth were measured. The results indicated that root elongation was more sensitive than seedling emergence. Root length decreased with increasing phenanthrene or pyrene concentrations(p≤0.05). Phenanthrene was more phytotoxic than pyrene. The lowest observable adverse effect concentration(LOAEC) was 10mg/kg for phenanthrene when tested with green onion, and 50mg/kg for pyrene when tested with wheat. Among the five species, wheat was found to be the most sensitive. When amended jointly at or below their respective LOAEC, phenanthrene and pyrene produced a synergistic toxic effect.     

液化烃储罐区重大事故后果分析

液化烃储罐区发生事故后果较严重,可能造成群死群伤的灾难事故。本文分析了液化烃储罐的危险性,沸腾液体扩展为蒸汽爆炸的计算步骤,对某储罐区的4个异丁烷储罐、2个正丁烷储罐和2个丙烷储罐发生沸腾液体扩展为蒸汽爆炸的事故后果进行分析,分别计算轻伤半径、重伤半径和死亡半径等,并提出相应预防事故发生的安全对策和措施。     

鼠李糖脂及其产生菌对原油生物降解影响研究

考察了外加鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂和接种鼠李糖脂产生菌O-2-2对混合烃类降解菌降解原油的影响。结果表明,在降解体系中添加鼠李糖脂使原油20天的降解率由35.7%提高到57.6%。加入鼠李糖脂可同时提高烷烃和芳烃的降解率。在降解体系中接入菌株O-2-2能够快速利用石油烃中的烷烃类化合物并合成鼠李糖脂类生物表面活性剂,从而有效提高总石油烃的降解率。体系中菌株O-2-2的接入虽然使饱和烃的降解率大大提高,却降低了芳烃的降解率;这说明菌株O-2-2和其它烃类降解菌之间可能存在竞争生长关系。     

山东半岛南部近海海水及动物石油烃污染状况

根据2007年11月对山东半岛南部近海海水和动物体的石油烃污染水平检测结果,分析表层海水及动物体石油烃含量分布特征,评估该海域受石油烃污染程度。结果表明,调查海区表层海水中石油烃含量范围为(0.017~0.069)mg/L,平均含量为0.031 mg/L,鱼类体内石油烃含量范围为(2.24~30.31)×10-6,平均为11.59×10-6;软体类含量范围为(4.19~36.49)×10-6,平均为19.83×10-6;甲壳类含量范围为(8.41~49.07)×10-6,平均为18.47×10-6。海水和动物体石油烃含量分布特征,均呈近岸高、离岸低趋势。虽然调查区域海水和动物体石油烃污染状况为轻度,但日照港和胶州湾海域污染状况却不容忽视。     

Optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon compositions for reducing exhaust emissions

Effects of hydrocarbon compositions on raw exhaust emissions and combustion processes were studied on an engine test bench. The optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon composition was discussed. As olefins content increased from 10.0% to 25.0% in volume, the combustion duration was shortened by about 2 degree crank angle ( CA), and the engine-out THC emission was reduced by about 15%. On the other hand, as aromatics content changed from 35.0% to 45.0%, the engine-out NOx emissions increased by 4%. An increment in olefins content resulted in a slight increase in engine-out CO emission, while the aromatics content had little e ect on engine-out total hydrocarbon (THC) and CO emissions. Over the new European driving cycle (NEDC), the THC, NOx and CO emissions of fuel with 25.0% olefins and 35.0% aromatics were about 45%, 21% and 19% lower than those of fuel with 10.0% olefins and 40.0% aromatics, respectively. The optimized gasoline compositions for new engines and new vehicles have low aromatics and high olefins contents.