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111.
利用6种数据挖掘算法对2012年台风和污染物浓度等数据建模,建立台风条件下的气象因素和环境空气中PM2.5的关系模型。通过对2013年数据的测试,表明6种数据挖掘方法模型的预测值与实测值具有很好的一致性。6种算法均能实现实时预测,其中Bagging算法预测结果的相关性整体最好,而对于测试样本,M5Rules算法最好,SMOreg算法次之。以2013年的超强台风"海燕"的预测为例,讨论台风条件下PM_(2.5)质量浓度的变化过程及对预测结果的解释。 相似文献
112.
机动车排放尾气中挥发性有机污染物对环境空气质量影响初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用气相色谱/质谱检测技术,对汽油和柴油、汽油车和柴油车排放气体以及天津市环境空气中主要挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的组成种类及比例进行探析.结果表明,机动车排放的尾气中主要有机污染物为芳香烃类、烷烃类和烯烃类化合物,其中芳香烃类含量最高;汽油车排放的芳香烃类化合物浓度高于柴油车排放的浓度;机动车尾气对交通区域空气质量的影响高于工厂区(非化工区)、生活小区和公园. 相似文献
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建立了用气相色谱法测定环境空气中吡啶的方法。环境空气中吡啶活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,DB-200毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,吡啶回收率为91.5%~103.1%,当采样体积为20L,吡啶最低检出质量浓度分别为0.006mg/m 3。本方法前处理简便,分离度好,分析灵敏度高,满足环境分析要求。 相似文献
115.
Passive monitoring of nitrogen dioxide in urban air: a case study of Durban metropolis, South Africa
To devise and implement strategies to manage the quality of urban air, a metropolis needs air pollution data on which an air quality management plan can be formulated. Although air pollutants can come from several sources, many reports suggest that nitrogen dioxide from motor vehicle emissions is the major contributor to air pollution in cities. Since vehicles stop or move slowly through traffic intersections, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) are expected to be relatively high at these sites. Inexpensive Ogawa passive samplers were placed at selected traffic intersections in the Durban Metropolis to trap the NO(2) which was then analysed by a sensitive laboratory-based method. The data obtained by this method was compared with data from sophisticated system comprising an active sampler cum on-line chemiluminescence detector. The sampling was done over a twelve month period to cover all seasons. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference between the means for the two methods. This study has established that an Ogawa passive sampler may be used as an economical and reliable collector for NO(2) in ambient air under varying climatic conditions. Further, the analysis method using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer was sensitive enough to detect NO(2) at the 10-20 ppb level. The cost of the method should be well within the budgets of most municipalities and it would motivate them to develop policies to alleviate traffic congestion. 相似文献
116.
Fahe Chai Zongshuang Wang Yufei Tan Min Guo Miaomiao Cheng Yanyue Gu Siyu Chen Xuefang Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):255-269
Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management. Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards. To understand the history of the development of China's ambient air quality standards, this study analyzed the background associated with all previous formulations and revisions of the standards, classification of functional areas, standard grading, pollutants, and evolution of the standard limits over the past 40 years. The results show that since the initial release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” by China in 1982, it has been supplemented once, revised twice, and modified twice. The first ambient air quality standard specified the standard limits of six pollutants commonly found in ambient air. With the development of ambient air quality management, the number of pollutants has increased to ten. Since the release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standards” in 2012, the ambient air quality in China has significantly improved. However, the proportion of cities meeting these standards is still low. At present, China is suitably positioned to make the standards associated with 24 hr SO2 concentrations more stringent such that it meets the values defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) interim target-2 and the WHO air quality guideline (AQG). We further suggested that the SO2 standard should be revised promptly. Simultaneously, regions with a relatively high proportion of cities meeting the standard are encouraged to introduce more stringent interim target limits in due course to manage the local ambient air quality. 相似文献
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根据异氰酸酯的结构特性,采用涂覆有1-(2-吡啶)哌嗪衍生物的浸渍滤膜,采集环境空气样品。优化了采集方法和色谱条件,建立了基于液相色谱法测定空气中2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,6-TDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI) 4种异氰酸酯类化合物的检测方法。结果表明,在质量浓度为0.01~5.00 mg/L的范围内,标准曲线相关系数达到0.999 9。按采集空气样品15.0 L计算,最低检出限为0.8~1.0μg/m~3,测定下限为3.2~4.0μg/m~3,相对标准偏差为0.7%~6.8%,加标回收率为85.3%~101%。该方法可同时测定空气中的多种异氰酸酯类化合物,线性范围广,检出限较低,精密度和准确度均能满足测试要求。 相似文献
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银川市臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
依据2014年银川市6个自动空气监测子站的监测数据,分析银川市臭氧浓度的污染特征,并对夏季臭氧相关气象因子进行分析。结果表明,从监测点位来看,银湖巷站点臭氧浓度最高,宁安大街次之,宁化生活区臭氧浓度最低。从时间变化规律来看,银川市臭氧浓度呈夏季最高,春季次之,秋季、冬季污染较低,其中臭氧月均浓度最大值出现在5月、6月。臭氧日变化呈单峰变化规律,夜间臭氧浓度较低,白天臭氧浓度较高。夏季臭氧浓度与二氧化氮、相对湿度呈显著的负相关性,与气温、风速呈显著正相关性。 相似文献