浅谈环境数字化行政处罚裁量基准制度的建立与应用

简述了数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度的意义和作用。提出建立数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度的基本要求,指出数字化环境行政处罚裁量基准制度应用中需注意的问题。     

计算机辅助设计在电子设备热设计中的应用

在产品研发阶段寻求最优化的解决方案，缩短产品研制周期、降低生产成本、确保产品质量是每一位设计者所面临的问题。通过对一个在研项目中发射机功放模块的散热进行设计，过程中引入一些软件来辅助设计，从而达到上述中的设计要求。     

新型城镇化背景下城乡环境基本公共服务均等化推进路径

新型城镇化迫切需要推进城乡环境基本公共服务均等化,而农村环境公共服务的不足成为实现环境基本公共服务均等化的阻碍和制约。在阐述新型城镇化和城乡环境基本公共服务均等化之间关系的基础上,从环境基本公共服务投入总体不足、供给主体单一、城乡不均等突出等方面指出:当前阶段城乡环境基本公共服务均等化现状和面临的问题。探讨了城镇化背景下城乡环境基本公共服务均等化的发展重点领域,包括饮用水安全保障、清洁的大气、污水垃圾治理设施、环境信息服务等,认为推进城乡环境基本公共服务均等化宜采用政府推动、市场参与、多元化供给的协调推进路径,并提出政策建议。     

基于VB6.0软件平台的土坝震害评估系统

为了准确、快速地对遭受地震影响的土坝工程的破坏状态进行评估,以土坝震害判断模型为基础,采用VB平台开发了土坝震害评估系统,并介绍了系统开发的总体设计和模式,阐述了系统开发中VB与Excel链接、Excel与Access数据导入等关键技术。     

震灾保险的一种实用技术途径及其实施保障

本文提出一种独特的实用型震灾保险模式,通过烈度当量折合费率(CRPIE)的实时判定及延时承保机制(DIAM)的有效运行,对投保与灾后理赔进行科学、客观的动态调制,促成自然科学与社会科学的有机结合,从而可能使震灾保险所面临的一些难题得以解决,文中还从软科学的角度提出了对上述震灾保险新机制的实施保障。     

The use of waste basic oxygen furnace slag and hydrogen peroxide to degrade 4-chlorophenol

A new treatment method is developed to degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) and its oxidation intermediates. The experimental results of this research demonstrate that 4-cp and its oxidation intermediates can be decomposed completely by basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in an acid solution. The factors that effect the treatment efficiency were studied including initial concentration of 4-cp, pH of the solution, concentration of H₂O₂ and amount of BOF slag. The BOF slags are final waste materials in the steel making process. The major components of BOF slag are CaO, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, FeO, MgO and MnO. As the BOF slag in an acid solution, FeO and Fe₂O₃ can be dissociated to produce ferrous ion and ferric ion. Ferrous ion reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form “Fenton's reagent” which can produce hydroxyl radicals (OH^.). Hydroxyl radical possession of high oxidation ability can oxidize organic chemicals effectively. Results show that 100 mg/l of 4-cp is decomposed completely within 30 min by 438.7 g/l BOF slag with 8.2 mM hydrogen peroxide in pH=2.8±0.2 solution. The COD value of the solution is reduced from 290 to 90 mg/l. The factors studied which affect the 4-cp decomposition efficiency were the hydrogen peroxide concentration, BOF slag concentration, pH of the solution and initial concentration of 4-cp. Because large amounts of Fe₂O₃ and FeO are present in the BOF slag, the BOF slag not only has a high treatment efficiency, but also can be used repeatedly.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of the textile dye basic red 18 with irradiated titanium dioxide

One of the major problems of textile wastewater is the presence of dye materials, because colour is visible to the public even if the dye concentration is lower than other pollutants, and needs therefore to be removed from the wastewater before it is discharged. Techniques based on “advanced oxidative processes” such as photocatalysed oxidation seem to be very promising for industrial wastewater treatment, especially for decolourization of textile effluents. In this work, we describe the photocatalytic degradation of the textile dye Basic Red 18 (BR 18) in aqueous solution using two different types of TiO₂ as photocatalyst: Degussa P25 (80% anatase) and Framitalia (100% anatase). Photooxidation of BR 18 was followed by HPLC analysis, and kinetic parameters were evaluated in order to optimise the treatment procedure. The results obtained in this work showed that the colour became virtually zero and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is strongly reduced at the end of the treatment. The obtained results are compared with the efficiency of decolourization using the H₂O₂/UV System. Finally, marine mussel test was used to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation with TiO₂ in terms of ecotoxicity. A significant reduction of cumulative mortality was observed for the treated effluent.     

灾害基本特性研究

本文从灾害的产生、成因、过程及后果等多个方面分析灾害的基本特性,并揭示这些特性在灾害研究与减灾防灾中的应用意义。     

燃煤电厂环境管理信息系统的开发研究

环境管理信息系统(EMIS)是在一个特定组织内,通过集成软件、硬件和专业服务来管理该组织的环境行为。燃煤电厂环境管理信息系统的开发对电力企业环境管理有重要意义。本文以燃煤电厂为研究对象,以Access为后台数据库,以Visual Basic 6.0为语言开发工具,开发研究了燃煤电厂环境管理信息系统(EMIS)软件。该软件有助于减少环境污染,提高管理水平。所开发的软件最终编译成可安装的应用软件包,能够脱离开发环境在Windows系统下独立运行。     

南京市郊区基本农田保护区土壤重金属污染调查

为调查基本农田保护区土壤环境中重金属污染状况，江苏省农业环境监测站于1999年和2001年分别对南京市郊区基本农田土壤环境质量进行了监测，共计布设监测点14个，监项目为镉，铅，砷，汞，铬和pH，结果表明，1999年土壤样品的重金属检出率为97．1％，超标率为5．7％，2001年重金属检出率为100％，超标率为1．4％，1999年土壤样品中超标的重金属元素是镉，超标率为28．6％，2001年超标元素是汞，超标率为7．1％，1999年土壤综合污染指数为1．08，污染等级及污染水平均属轻污染；2001年土壤综合污染指数为0．76，污染等级为警戒线，污染水平达到尚清洁。