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781.
Mukherjee-Goswami A Nath B Jana J Sahu SJ Sarkar MJ Jacks G Bhattacharya P Mukherjee A Polya DA Jean JS Chatterjee D 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2008,99(1-4):22-30
Groundwaters have been collected from deltaic areas of West Bengal (Chakdaha and Baruipur blocks) to record their hydrogeochemical characteristics, and to verify the mechanism of arsenic (As) release. The data reveals that shallow (<70 m) groundwaters in both areas are of Ca-Mg-HCO(3) type; however deeper (>70 m) groundwaters in Baruipur areas are slightly enriched with Na, Cl and SO(4), indicating possible saline water intrusion. The groundwater is anoxic (mean Eh: -124 and -131 mV) with high levels of As (mean: 116 and 293 mug/L), Fe (mean: 4.74 and 3.83 mg/L), PO(4) (mean: 3.73 and 3.21 mg/L) and Mn (mean: 0.37 and 0.49 mg/L), respectively for Chakdaha and Baruipur areas. The observed values of As and bicarbonate (mean: 409 and 499 mg/L) in the shallow aquifer are indicative of redox processes (e.g., oxidation of organic matter) favouring the release of As. Moreover, the presence of DOC in the shallow aquifer suggests that organic matter is young and reactive, and may actively engage in redox driven processes. Our study further confirms that both Fe- and Mn-reduction processes are the dominant mechanisms for As release in these groundwaters. 相似文献
782.
The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt,
endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities
that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment
of pumping, reducing the reliability of water deliveries. We reviewed the first 5 years (2001–2005) of the Environmental Water
Account (EWA), a program instituted to resolve conflicts between protecting listed fishes and providing a reliable water supply.
The EWA provided fishery agencies with control over 0.2–0.4 km3 of water to be used for fish protection at no cost to users of exported water, and fish agencies guaranteed no disruption
of water supply for fish protection. The EWA was successful in reducing uncertainty in water supply; however, its contribution
to the recovery of listed fishes was unclear. We estimated the effectiveness of the EWA to be modest, increasing the survival
of winter-run Chinook salmon by 0–6% (dependent on prescreen mortality), adult delta smelt by 0–1%, and juvenile delta smelt
by 2–4%. Allocating EWA water for a single life stage of one species could provide larger gains in survival. An optimally
allocated EWA of equal size to the median of the first 5 years could increase abundance of juvenile delta smelt up to 7% in
the springs of dry years. If the EWA is to become a long-term program, estimates of efficacy should be refined. If the program
is to be held accountable for quantitative increases in fish populations, it will be necessary to integrate scientific, possibly
experimental, approaches. 相似文献
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785.
Adami G Cabras I Predonzani S Barbieri P Reisenhofer E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):291-299
Chromium, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium were determined in sediments of the Niger Delta (Nigeria) in order to discriminate
between natural metal sources and anthropogenic ones. Surface sediments were collected at seven sites along a new gas pipeline
near Port Harcourt, between the New Calabar River and the Bonny River towards Bonny town. Chemical characterisation is obtained
by hydrofluoric–nitric acid digestion procedure, providing the ‘total’ (‘residual’) metal contents. Information about the
anthropogenic metal fraction was obtained by cold diluted hydrochloric acid extraction procedure. This ‘labile’ acid soluble
fraction of metals, perhaps due to relatively recent inputs in the sediments, constitutes the fraction more likely to be available
to marine organisms, and furnishes a first evaluation of the possible toxicity of sediments of this sensitive ecosystem. Zinc
appears to be the most available of all the heavy metals: its ‘labile’ fraction attains 40–50% of the ‘total’ zinc in sediment.
Sites near Port Harcourt city are the most contaminated. All the examined metals are one order of magnitude below the respective
values proposed as a limit for toxicity and are comparable with those observed by other authors in similar Niger Delta areas.
Some anomalous data found near Port Harcourt city suggest that zinc and cadmium are the metals that require further monitoring.
Their anthropogenic source could be derived from urban and industrial sewage. 相似文献
786.
为了解我国城市和背景地区最新的气态单质汞(gaseous elemental mercury,GEM)水平,比较《关于汞的水俣公约》履约前后这些地区GEM来源和迁移规律的差异,本研究选择了1个城市监测站(淀山湖站)和1个背景监测站(哀牢山站),于2021年分别进行了为期1个月的GEM监测,同时使用潜在源贡献因子计算分析两地GEM的来源,并与履约前的结果进行比对。位于长三角地区的淀山湖站GEM浓度降幅大于位于我国西南的哀牢山站GEM浓度降幅,表明针对我国工业排放源超低排放的改造,获得了显著的履约成效。相对履约前,两地GEM的可能源区和传输形式没有显著改变,人为源排放仍然是影响两地GEM浓度的主要因素。本研究结果表明随着履约工作的逐步推进,我国城市和背景地区的GEM仍有下降的可能,长期在这些站点开展大气汞监测,可以为汞履约成效评估提供有效的数据支撑。 相似文献
787.
长三角地区快速城市化进程影响了生态系统服务供需的平衡关系,为实现长三角一体化高质量发展需要探究城市化对生态系统服务供需的影响。基于生态模型、Pearson相关性、随机森林、局部空间自相关等方法分析城市化和生态系统服务供需间的影响关系、敏感性与空间交互关系,提出生态管理措施。研究发现:2000—2018年间,长三角地区城市化综合水平上涨133.33%;各典型生态系统服务供需比均为正但均呈下降趋势,平均下降幅度22.39%;城市化对生态系统服务供需比具有显著的负向影响,2000—2018年间,影响强度平均上升82.34%;食物生产对人口城市化敏感性较强,碳储存和生境质量对经济城市化敏感性较强,水源涵养和PM2.5去除则对空间城市化敏感性较强;城市化与生态系统服务供需比存在较大的空间错配性。由此建议将长三角地区划分为生态利用区、生态重构区、生态源地区和生态修复区,并结合城市化和生态系统服务供需特征提出生态优化管理措施。 相似文献
788.