1000kt／a柴油加氢改质装置清洁生产分析与评价

对石化公司在建的1000kt/a柴油加氢改质装置的清洁生产情况进行了综述和分析评价，为建成投产后的生产运行提供了依据。如何降低污染物的排放，保护环境，实现清洁生产，这是分公司实施可持续发展战略的重要措施。     

Food aid and relief-development strategies*

This paper begins by setting out the main arguments on which a proposal for "relief-development strategies" rest. The second part of the paper is concerned with a discussion of the way the objectives of a "relief-development strategy" might be achieved and the roles emergency food aid might have. In the third part of the paper, a number of strategic issues are discussed. A stylized account is presented of how a broad "relief development strategy" might be mounted. The last part of the paper draws together the discussion by considering how emergency projects should be assessed. If the principles on which this paper are based are accepted, then the evaluation of emergency projects should extend well beyond convention.     

《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准的更新审视与研究展望

旅游资源作为区域旅游发展独特的存在,是吸引旅游者进行旅游活动的关键要素,也是影响区域旅游经济发展的重要条件。总结国内旅游资源学术研究的发展趋势和研究主题,将其划分为萌芽起步期、发展成熟期和停滞衰退期三个研究阶段,研究主题则主要包括旅游资源概念界定、调查实践、评价与开发等;对2017年更新的《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准进行系统解读,重点分析其内容的全新变化并且深入剖析尚且存在的问题;对接学术研究与实践应用,重点从旅游资源概念、分类、调查和评价四个方面说明二者的互动关系和延伸讨论,明晰旅游资源研究与应用的重点内容和发展方向,以有益于理论与实践的相互影响和促进。     

洪泽湖富营养化和生态状况调查与评价

为了解洪泽湖水质状况，对2000年洪泽湖富营养化状态和生态特性的调查结果进行了分析，洪泽湖水中总磷、总氮和高锰酸盐指数年均值超《地表水环境质量标准》（GHZB1-1999）中Ⅱ类水标准，超标倍数分别为12倍、10倍和0.24倍；总磷、总氮、透明度年均值超湖库特定项目V类标准，洪泽湖处于中-富营养化状态。对洪泽湖生态特性分析表明，由于洪泽源独特的湖泊形态，“藻型浊水状态“和“泥沙型浊水状态“交替出现，遏制了湖水从高营养盐含量向全面富营养化状态演变，保证了底栖动物的良好生长环境，从而形成了洪泽湖独特的环境生态平衡状态。     

珠江片水环境承载力评价研究

以珠江片水域为研究对象,在梳理国内外相关文献的基础上,针对珠江片现有水资源环境与社会发展关系情况,构建了珠江片水环境承载力评价指标体系,而后采用变异系数法客观确定指标权重,再运用向量模法对珠江片水环境承载力进行评价,揭示并分析了近年珠江片水环境承载力的变化趋势。结果表明,2006~2014年间珠江片水环境承载力呈缓慢持续上升趋势,承载力水平值介于0.04~0.06之间,说明珠江片水环境承载力仍处于较低水平。     

城乡基本公共服务均等化评估指标研究——以城乡环境服务领域为例

在界定环境基本公共服务范围的基础上,从安全的饮用水、清洁的大气和城乡污水垃圾治理基础设施3个领域构建了城乡环境基本公共服务均等化评估指标体系,并选取长春、贵阳、广州3个地区进行实证评估.结果表明,该指标体系下,环境基本公共服务领域,城乡均等化水平由高到低依次是广州、长春和贵阳.所构建的指标体系可以对城乡环境基本公共服务均等化水平进行识别和定量评估,评估结果可识别区域内城乡环境基本公共服务均等化过程中存在的问题和关键节点。     

基于DPSIR概念模型的土壤环境成效评估方法研究

土壤环境质量关系到农产品质量安全和人居环境健康。对优质土壤实施严格保护、对受污染土壤实施风险管控或治理与修复,构成了土壤污染防治的主体任务。为科学评价土壤污染防治成效,及时采取应对措施,切实维护土壤环境安全,文章在系统总结国内外关于指标概念框架、指标筛选方法等环境成效评估方法基础上,采用DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)概念模型,基于可统计、可分解、可考核的原则,构建了可应用于地市和县级行政区土壤污染防治成效评价的指标体系。     

基于云模型的页岩气开发环境影响评价

从大气环境、噪声与土壤环境、水环境和生态、安全与可持续4个方面构建页岩气开发环境影响指标体系,并建立基于熵权法和云模型评价法的页岩气环境影响评价模型。针对四川省某国家级页岩气示范区进行实证分析,结果表明:该地区页岩气开发环境影响处于中等程度。页岩气开发对水环境影响最大,其次是对大气环境的影响,再次是对噪声与土壤环境,对生态、安全与可持续方面影响相对最小。该模型的评价结果与页岩气开发环境影响现状相符,最后根据评价结果提出相关政策建议。     

铁路环保选线方法及评价体系研究

环保选线是铁路勘察设计工作的重要内容,但目前环保选线的方法和评价体系尚未完全建立。以我国北方地区某新建铁路穿越城区段工程为例,识别并筛选了影响线路方案的环境因素,探讨建立涉及环境敏感区、城市规划区、既有车站的环保选线方法和评价体系;并将该方法体系运用于线路方案环境比选研究。研究结果表明,该评价体系可以较清晰地反映不同方案在环境敏感性、规划相容性、工程可实施性、施工期环境影响、运营期噪声影响等方面的优劣,可以为铁路环保选线、环境可行性分析、环境影响评价等工作提供参考和思路。     

Predicting categories of drugs used by suspected drug-impaired drivers using the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program tests

Objective: The purpose of this study was to statistically determine which combination(s) of drug-related signs and symptoms from the Drug Evaluation and Classification (DEC) protocol best predict the drug category used by the suspected drug-impaired driver.

Methods: Data from 1,512 completed DEC evaluations of suspected impaired drivers subsequently found to have ingested central nervous system (CNS) depressants, CNS stimulants, narcotic analgesics, and cannabis were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression procedure. A set of evaluations completed on drug-free subjects was also included. The relative importance of clinical, behavioral, and observational measures in predicting drug categories responsible for impairment was also examined.

Results: Thirteen drug-related indicators were found to significantly contribute to the prediction of drug category, including being under the care of a doctor or dentist, condition of the eyes, condition of the eyelids, mean pulse rate, assessment of horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN), convergence, performance on the One Leg Stand (OLS) Test, eyelid tremors, pupil size in darkness, reaction to light, presence of visible injection sites, systolic blood pressure, and muscle tone. Indicators related to the appearance and physiological response of the eye contributed the most to the prediction of drug category, followed closely by clinical indicators and performance on the psychophysical tests.

Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that drug recognition experts (DREs) should be careful to review a set of key signs and symptoms when determining the category of drug used by suspected drug-impaired drivers. Drug use indicators related to the appearance and physiological response of the eye were found to contribute the most to the prediction of the drug category responsible for the impairment. These results could help form the basis of a core set of indicators that DREs could initially consult to form their opinion of drug influence. This in turn may enhance the validity, effectiveness, and efficiency of drug detection and identification by DREs and lead to a more effective and efficient DEC program, improved enforcement of drug-impaired driving, and greater acceptance of the DEC program by the courts.