包埋固定化菌去除絮凝余水中氨氮的研究

研究采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）为载体的包埋固定化微生物处理低浓度氨氮絮凝余水,较短的水力停留时间（HRT）成功实现了氨氮的去除,在HRT为3h之内从地表水环境质量V类水标准以外达到了I类水标准,同时该菌对CODCr也有一定的去除能力,并系统的研究了HRT、颗粒填充率对絮凝余水处理效果的影响。     

碳源对固定化污泥反硝化性能的影响

在生物法反硝化脱氯的过程中,碳源的种类与浓度对反硝化的速率有重要影响。研究了不同碳源,如乙醇、乙酸钠、葡萄糖、苯酚以及天然碳源对固定化污泥反硝化性能影响。结果表明：乙酸钠为最适宜的碳源;最佳碳氮比为4：1：硝酸盐氮去除率可达99．7％,出水硝酸盐氮质量浓度小于5mg／L。反硝化过程为零级动力学,反应分为2个阶段,第一阶段的动力学方程为Y=-37．897x＋127．75,第二阶段的动力学方程为Y=-13．458x＋64．412。     

新型固定化生物小球的研制及其处理模拟苯胺废水的特性

从焦化废水二级处理系统的生物膜中富集、培养、浓缩得到能降解苯胺的混合菌种GAl作为固定化微生物的来源.用3种不同方法制备了新型固定化生物活性炭纤维小球(IBACFBs),并研究了其机械性能;通过降解模拟苯胺废水考察了固定化生物活性炭纤维小球的生化活性和循环使用寿命.同时也比较了小球中活性炭纤维和活性炭对小球生化性能的影响.结果表明,以Ca(N03)2为唯一固化剂,采用冷冻-解冻法制得的IBACFBs具有最好的机械性能和生化活性,对高浓度苯胺溶液有优异的降解效果,最适条件下经过46h反应,苯胺浓度从初始的526mg·L-1降至9.6mg·L-1,降解率达到98.4%.由于具有特殊的孔结构和巨大的比表面积,相比于活性炭,活性炭纤维更能提升固定化小球的生化活性.循环批次降解苯胺实验表明,IBACFBs具有良好的机械强度,生化活性随着循环次数的增加不但没有降低,反而有不同程度的提高;循环批次反应后,在最适条件下IBACFBs仅用30h就可将苯胺溶液浓度从513mg·L-1降至7.6mg·L-1,降解率高达98.5%.     

固定化菌剂处理含油废水的试验研究

探讨了固定化菌剂的接种量、曝气强度及温度等因素对废水中CODer去除率的影响.试验结果表明:在采用适当的曝气方式和曝气强度下,温度为30℃时,采用10％的固定化颗粒接种量,4种固定化产品对含油废水中CODer降解均有较好的效果.     

An innovative approach to minimize excess sludge production in sewage treatment using integrated bioreactors

The present investigation deals with an application of integrated sequential oxic and anoxic bioreactor(SOABR) and fluidized immobilized cell carbon oxidation(FICCO) reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater with minimum sludge generation. The performance of integrated SOABR-FICCO system was evaluated on treating the domestic wastewater at hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 3 hr and 6 hr for 120 days at organic loading rate(OLR)of 191 ± 31 mg/(L·hr). The influent wastewater was characterized by chemical oxygen demand(COD) 573 ± 93 mg/L; biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) 197 ± 35 mg/L and total suspended solids(TSS) 450 ± 136 mg/L. The integrated SOABR-FICCO reactors have established a significant removal of COD by 94% ± 1%, BOD5 by 95% ± 0.6% and TSS by 95% ± 4% with treated domestic wastewater characteristics COD 33 ± 5 mg/L; BOD59 ± 0.8 mg/L and TSS 17 ± 9 mg/L under continuous mode of operation for 120 days. The mass of dry sludge generated from SOABR-FICCO system was 22.9 g/m~3. The sludge volume index of sludge formed in the SOABR reactor was 32 mL/g and in FICCO reactor it was 46 mL/g. The sludge formed in SOABR and FICCO reactor was characterized by TGA, DSC and SEM analysis. Overall, the results demonstrated that the integrated SOABR-FICCO reactors substantially removed the pollution parameters from domestic wastewater with minimum sludge production.     

固定化微生物细胞法处理含氰废水的研究

本文探讨了微生物细胞固定化的方法。采用海藻酸钙为载体固定化活性污泥细胞,制成好氧流化床反应器处理含氰废水,进行了若干条件选择,研究了pH对去除CN~-、COD_(cr)的影响,实验取得了较好结果。     

固定化厌氧微生物处理四环素废水的研究

采用PVA－硼酸法固定化微生物作为两相厌氧工艺中的产甲烷相,进行了四环素废水的处理试验,并与一般UASB产甲烷相进行了比较。结果表明固定化微生物产甲烷相具有较高的污泥活性和抗冲击负荷能力,其COD去除率达65％～75％,高于一般UASB反应器,且具有较高的污泥活性和抗冲击负荷能力。      

用于生物降解酚类毒物的固定化细胞性能改进的研究

在获得了一种耐酚能力达915mg/L的菌种的基础上,进一步研究了以海藻酸钠包埋法制得的该菌种固定化细胞的性能。同时,采用了2种方法,即添加硅藻土和用己二胺-戊二醛对固定化细胞表面进行化学处理,使固定化细胞的机械强度,降酚活性,稳定性均得到了提高。实验证明这2种方法都有令人满意的效果。      

两级常温厌氧—好氧—固定化微生物组合工艺处理酿酒废水

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.采用两级常温厌氧-好氧-固定化微生物组合工艺对酿酒废水进行中试研究,重点考察了各级工艺对有机物和氨氮的去除效果,并且对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素进行分析.试验结果表明,稳定运行状态下,一级厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器对有机物去除率可达到70%～90%,处理效果受环境温度影响较大;二级EGSB反应器可以同时去除有机物和氮氧化物;三级好氧接触氧化反应器对有机物的去除率可达到70%,氨氮去除率维持在50%;包埋硝化菌流化床反应器最终能有效地去除水中的氨氮,出水氨氮质量浓度低于15 mg/L.     

Oxidative destabilization of dissolved organics and E. coli in domestic wastewater through immobilized cell reactor system

Domestic wastewater contains a considerable amount of pathogenic organisms besides non-biodegradable organics. The conventional technologies followed for the treatment of domestic wastewater are less efficient in removing pathogenic organisms despite substantial removal of dissolved organics. The focal theme of the present investigation was to use a chemo-autotrophic activated carbon oxidation (CAACO) system, an immobilized cell reactor using chemoautotrophs (Bacillus sp.) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The oxidation of organics and Escherichia coli in wastewater is controlled by the parameters space time, O(2)/COD, bed height and cod loading. The scheme comprised of anaerobic treatment, sand filtration and CAACO treatment removed BOD. COD, Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved protein, total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and bacterial count (most probable number (MPN)) by 81%, 92%, 84%, 94%, 93% and 99.9997%, respectively. The low concentration of E. coli in the CAACO-treated wastewater was completely eliminated through UV irradiation in 3 min at 254 nm.