贺兰山油松年轮中稳定碳同位素含量和环境的关系

植物中稳定碳同位素δ¹³C变化和环境关系密切,通过研究贺兰山油松(Pinus tabulacformis)植物纤维素中稳定碳同位素δ¹³C和环境之间的关系,发现该地区树轮纤维素中稳定碳同位素序列和大气中CO₂的含量关系密切,据此可以推算大气中的CO₂浓度的变化情况.研究还发现植物纤维素中稳定碳同位素δ¹³C的变化和生长年1～7月的总降水量显著负相关(r=-0.515,a=0.05),而和当年6～8月的平均气温显著正相关(r=0.427,α=0.05).通过对比树轮纤维素稳定同位素δ¹³C值和太阳黑子之间的关系,发现太阳黑子活动最强的年份往往对应较高的树轮纤维素δ¹³C值.     

峨眉山野生黄连资源研究与评价

通过对峨眉山地区的野生黄连资源状况研究，加深对当地有关资源生态学与资源价值的认识。通过野外生境调查和伴生种恒有度分析和资源经济性与稀有性评价，指出当地2个野生黄连种类极其伴生种具有明显的岩生性，它们的分布生境及其伴生植物区系存在较大的区别，其中峨眉野连（Coptis omeiensis（Chen）C．Y．cheng）垂直分布幅较宽，喜中性土壤和阴湿环境；古蔺黄连（C．gtdinensis T．Z．Wang）分布海拔较高且局限，立地土壤呈强酸性，稍喜阳。目前广泛栽培的黄连（C．chinensis Franch）具有更好的综合经济性状，而当地的2个野生黄连类型具有明显的资源稀有性。其中值得注意的是，峨眉野连根茎及叶部的有效成份小檗碱的含量高于其它各种，具有值得重视的资源保护与利用价值。     

Seasonal features of aerosol particles recorded in snow from Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） and their environmental implications

To assess the seasonality of aerosol deposition and anthropogenic effects on central Himalayas, a 1.85-m deep snow pit was dug on the northern slope of Mr. Qomolangma (Everest). Based on the morphology and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) signal, totally 1500 particles were classed into 7 groups: soot; aluminosilicates; fly ash; calcium sulfates; Ca/Mg carbonates; metal oxides; and biological particles and carbon fragments. The size distribution and number fractions of different particle groups exhibited distinct seasonal variations between non-monsoon and monsoon periods, which are clearly related to the differences in air mass pathways. Specifically, the relative abundance of soot in non-monsoon period (25%) was much higher than that in monsoon period (14%), indicating Mr. Qomolangma region received more anthropogenic influence in non-monsoon than monsoon period.     

黄山秋季大气颗粒物理化特性

为了研究华东背景地区大气单颗粒的理化特性,利用单颗粒飞行时间质谱仪(SPAMS)于2012年9月5日至10月28日在黄山对大气颗粒物进行了观测,并结合Hysplit后向轨迹模式探究了不同气团对颗粒物性质的影响.结果表明,黄山地区颗粒物可分为老化碳(Aged-EC)、富钾(K)、元素碳-有机碳混合物(ECOC)、有机碳(OC)、钠-钾混合物(NaK)、元素碳(EC)、元素碳-重金属混合物(ECHM)、重金属(HM)、矿物质(Minerals)共9类,其中Aged-EC占比最高,K其次,且含碳颗粒物老化程度较为严重.含碳颗粒物Aged-EC、 ECOC和OC集中在积聚模态(0.2～1.4μm),HM、 NaK和Minerals则集中于粗粒子模态(1.4μm).除K、 ECHM和ECOC外,较高风速下不利于颗粒物的累积;相对湿度越高,含碳颗粒物的占比越大,而K、 OC、 Minerals和NaK的占比越小.聚类分析结果表明,采样时段内黄山地区主要受西北气团、海洋气团和局地气团影响.周边地区的工业排放、燃煤等活动是Aged-EC的首要贡献源.     

珠穆朗玛峰绒布河源区河水化学特征

为了研究绒布河源区夏季河水的基本化学特征 ,野外采集水样 117份 ,采用 PE-2380型原子吸收光谱仪测定样品的阳离子 ,Dionex-100型离子色谱仪测定阴离子 .结果表明 :①绒布河源区河水为 HCO₃,SO₄^- Ca型 .其离子浓度顺序为 :Ca²⁺>K⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺,SO^2-₄>Cl^->NO^-₃ .②河水中离子 Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO^2-₄ 之间 ,以及 K⁺和 Na⁺之间有很好的正相关关系 ,河水化学组成大部分来源于当地岩石的风化分解 .③整个夏季河水各月离子平均浓度和流量有良好的正相关关系 ,流量大的月份 ,各离子平均浓度也大 ,反之亦然 .     

Evaluation of trace elements contamination in cloud/fog water at an elevated mountain site in Northern China

Totally 117 cloud/fog water samples were collected at the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.)—the highest mountain in the Northern China Plain. The results were investigated by a combination of techniques including back trajectory model, regional air quality and dust storm models, satellite observations and Principal Component Analysis. Elemental concentrations were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, with stringent quality control measures. Higher elemental concentrations were found at Mt. Tai compared with those reported by other overseas studies. The larger proportions and higher concentrations of toxic elements such as Pb and As in cloud/fog water compared with those in rainwater at Mt. Tai suggests higher potential hazards of cloud/fog water as a source of contamination in polluted areas to the ecosystem. Peak concentrations of trace elements were frequently observed during the onset of cloud/fog events when liquid water contents of cloud/fog water were usually low and large amount of pollutants were accumulated in the ambient air. Inverse relationship between elemental concentrations and liquid water contents were only found in the samples with high electrical conductivities and liquid water contents lower than 0.3 g m⁻³. Affected mainly by the emissions of steel industries and mining activities, air masses transported from south/southwest of Mt. Tai were frequently associated with higher elemental concentrations. The element Mn is attributed to play an important role in the acidity of cloud/fog water. The composition of cloud/fog water influenced by an Asian dust storm event was reported, which was seldom found in the literature.