基于模糊评判人工神经网络的重大危险源辨识研究

国家已经制定了重大危险源辨识标准,辨识依据是危险物质的数量,主要适用于化工行业.本文对于国家重大危险源辨识标准不适合的行业,结合各行业发生事故的特点和工艺特征,综合利用模糊评判法和人工神经网络,辨识企业内存在的重大危险源.在某化工厂进行了检验,实践证明了方法的科学性和合理性.     

The GaNE programme in a global perspective

This paper provides the background to this special issue, outlining the extent to which the global atmospheric nitrogen cycle has been modified by human activity and outlining the range of effects. The global total emissions of reduced and oxidized nitrogen, amount to 124 Tg N, and exceed those from natural sources (34 Tg N) by almost a factor of four showing the extent to which anthropogenic activity has taken over the global N cycle. Of the 124 Tg N, 70 Tg N is emitted in the oxidized form, largely as NO and 70% of which results directly from anthropogenic activity. The remaining 54 Tg N is emitted as NH₃, (66% anthropogenic). The enhanced nitrogen emissions are associated with a range of local, regional and global issues including, acidification, eutrophication, climate change, human health and tropospheric O₃. The paper also places the Global Nitrogen Enrichment (GaNE) research programme in the UK in a wider perspective.     

灾难模型化及其国外主要开发商

简略分析了灾难模型化和它在保险业中的应用;介绍了当前国外从事灾难模型化的主要研发单位,包括独立的模型化公司、大学研究所、再保险公司、再保险中介经纪公司和政府机构。同时收集了一些最近灾难模型化些文献,希望这些信息能有助于同行在我国减灾保险方面的研究。     

县级地质灾害防治管理评价指标体系探讨

通过建立评价指标体系,尽可能定量地评价地质灾害防治管理工作,这是地质灾害防治管理工作科学化、规范化的有益补充.在分析建立县级地质灾害防治工作评价指标体系必要性、可行性的基础上,应用工作分析法和经验总结法征求了指标,运用AHP方法建立了评价指标体系结构,采用专家咨询法确定了权重,提出了一套由16个指标(含40项分指标)构成的较为完整的县级地质灾害防治管理工作评价体系.最后,应用所建立的评价指标体系对部分县进行了评价,验证了评价指标的准确性.     

数字城市中的气象灾害预警对策

提出数字城市中有效的气象灾害预警是:在恰当的时机,以有效的方式,向处于风险之中的人群或单位提供有针对性的预警信息;判断的原则是:气象灾害的有效预报时间要大于预警系统的响应时间.数字城市中气象灾害预警的基本对策是:天气监测实时化、预警预报精细化、传播渠道多样化和信息服务个性化.     

城镇供热管道隐患辨识研究

近年来,因供热管道老化腐蚀、外部自然环境、施工活动等导致的事故时有发生,给居民的冬季供暖造成了严重的危害和影响。本文在分析供热管道自身安全特性的基础上,运用事故树等系统安全分析方法对供热管道隐患进行辨识分析,结合供热管道影响因素明确隐患辨识重点,并针对隐患排查内容及手段等提出对策建议,以支撑供热管道单位更系统、更科学的开展隐患排查治理工作,保障管线的安全运行。     

Forest Die-Back Modified Plankton Recovery from Acidic Stress

We examined long-term data on water chemistry of Lake Rachelsee (Germany) following the changes in acidic depositions in central Europe since 1980s. Despite gradual chemical recovery of Rachelsee, its biological recovery was delayed. In 1999, lake recovery was abruptly reversed by a coincident forest die-back, which resulted in elevated terrestrial export of nitrate and ionic aluminum lasting ~5 years. This re-acidification episode provided unique opportunity to study plankton recovery in the rapidly recovering lake water after the abrupt decline in nitrate leaching from the catchment. There were sudden changes both in lake water chemistry and in plankton biomass structure, such as decreased bacterial filaments, increased phytoplankton biomass, and rotifer abundance. The shift from dominance of heterotrophic to autotrophic organisms suggested their substantial release from severe phosphorus stress. Such a rapid change in plankton structure in a lake recovering from acidity has, to the best of our knowledge, not been previously documented.     

改良剂对广西环江强酸铅锌污染土壤的修复作用

广西环江沿岸农田土壤具有强酸、多重金属污染等特点,失去了农业生产能力,为此,本研究试用了土壤淋溶实验探究不同类型改良剂(生石灰、钙镁磷肥、有机肥、聚丙烯酰胺)组合对广西环江沿岸污染土壤的修复效果,土壤重金属迁移规律及对农田适耕性的影响.结果表明,对照组T1土壤酸化严重,降低清洁接触土壤层p H值,而处理方式T2、T3、T4、T5均能显著提高污染土壤p H值(P0.05),对供试土壤p H变化大小分别为2.7~3.2、1.6~2.7,均能达到南方农业生产土壤p H值范围.较对照组T1,在污染土壤0~20 cm处,处理方式T2、T3、T4、T5能有效地活化Pb,钝化Zn的作用;在清洁土壤20~60cm处,各个处理方式对DTPA-Pb、DTPA-Zn的作用不存在显著差异(P0.05).较对照组T1,处理方式T4、T5能为植物提供良好的种植营养物质,以期能为今后结合生物修复等措施提供技术支撑.     

盐城经济技术开发区污水处理厂提标改造工程设计研究

介绍了盐城经济技术开发区污水厂提标改造工程技术路线及方案.针对污水厂进水中工业废水含量较多的特点,增设水解酸化工艺段,将现状CAST池改造为AAO生物反应池,新建二沉池及混凝沉淀设施,使出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A排放标准.同时增设污泥深度脱水设施,采用化学调理+板框压滤工艺.实际运行表明,经改造后的污水处理厂对各项污染物均取得了较好的去除效果,脱水后污泥的含水率可稳定控制在60%以下.     

散装液体危化品浮式码头金属软管失效原因分析及对策

介绍了金属软管在码头装卸船管路系统中的作用,并结合散装液体危化品浮式码头的实际,深入探讨了码头金属软管的失效原因,并提出了相应的防范措施,对提升金属软管的安全服役水平具有借鉴意义。