刘家峡水库水环境质量生物学评价研究

2008年黄河丰水期和2009年黄河枯水期,对研究区6处标志性区域进行随机采样,采用活体观察和固定染色法鉴定藻类种类,直接计数法统计藻类数量,共鉴定到藻类114种(包括22个未定名物种),隶属于9门11纲17目34科55属。其中,硅藻门47种,占41.22%,以无壳缝目为优势类群;绿藻门24种,占21.05%,为次优势类群;蓝藻门,金藻门,裸藻门为常见类群;隐藻门、甲藻门和黄藻门均为罕见类群。利用藻类群落结构特征、优势种类、藻类污染指数和污生指数等指标对刘家峡水库水质进行评价,结果表明:刘家峡水库水质在1#、2#样区较清洁,3#、4#样区为轻-中度污染,5#、6#样区为重度污染,与采用粪大肠肝菌、DO指标评价结果具有良好一致性。     

一种快腐菌剂在堆肥制作中的应用研究

在接种和未接种条件下,研究了一种菌剂YD-KFI对堆肥制作效果.结果发现,接种该菌剂加快堆肥升温速度、提高最高温度、延长高温维持时间;堆肥制作的升温期和高温期,接种菌剂分别促进了淀粉、可溶性糖和粗纤维等物质的降解,加快了堆肥的腐熟进程.采用PCR-DGGE方法,分析该菌剂对堆肥制作不同阶段微生物群落的影响,发现在堆肥制...     

控制游离氨实现单级自养生物脱氮的研究

通过实时调控SBR反应器内的游离氮浓度的控制策略,实现以亚硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用协同的单级自养生物脱氮工艺.实验分成亚硝酸菌富集和厌氧氨氧化菌混合接种2个阶段,SBR内的温度始终保持在(31±2)℃.亚硝酸菌富集阶段,pH值稳定在7.8左右,通过调节进水氩氮浓度(56～446 mg·L-1)实现FA浓度的变化,从而实...     

循环水养殖系统（RAS）生物载体上微生物群落结构变化分析

为研究循环水养殖系统(recirculating aquaculture systems,RAS)生物滤池挂膜及运行过程中生物载体上微生物群落结构的变化及其脱氮机制,采用传统微生物培养方法,对不同时期生物载体上的异养细菌、氨氧化细菌及硝化菌进行堵养计数.并通过变性梯度凝胶电泳技术,对细菌的16S rDNA V3可变区的...     

西双版纳自然保护区与周边社区的共管研究

自然保护区社区共管的实施,缓解了保护区与社区的矛盾,在促进生物多样性保护与社区经济发展方面取得了显著的效果。然而,由于管理目标冲突、经费不足、宣传教育力度不足等问题,限制了共管的实施范围及可持续性。通过采取构建科学的共管运行机制、激励机制,生态教育等措施,突破共管的制约因素,促进了自然保护区及其社区的可持续发展。     

苯酚对活性污泥活性及微型动物群落结构的影响

为了探究苯酚对污泥活性及微型动物群落结构的影响,以SBR工艺的活性污泥为研究对象,分析苯酚对污泥TTC-ETS活性、INT-ETS活性和微型动物群落结构及其动态变化的影响.结果表明,污泥TTC-ETS活性较之INT-ETS活性能够更有效表征有机毒害物质苯酚对污泥活性的影响,且随着进水苯酚浓度的增大,苯酚对污泥活性的抑制越明显:进水浓度在50mg·L-1时,苯酚对污泥活性的抑制率为(20.75±10.43)%.进水苯酚浓度为100 mg·L-1时,抑制率为(39.73±26.92)%,且波动较大.在300 mg·L-1进水运行后期,苯酚对污泥活性的抑制率稳定在40%左右;苯酚对活性污泥微型动物群落结构的影响随浓度的增大而增大,且对不同微型动物类群影响不同:在低浓度苯酚进水条件下,只有单个微型动物类群(有壳变形虫)受到明显的抑制,而当浓度增大至100 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1时,对多个微型动物类群(固着型纤毛虫、有壳变形虫、匍匐型纤毛虫、肉食性纤毛虫等)产生抑制,对少数类群(鞭毛虫、线虫等)产生促进作用;苯酚影响下的污泥活性与微型动物之间存在一定的关联性,针棘匣壳虫(Centropyxis aculeata)、多变斜板虫(Plagiocampa mutabilis)等可作为含酚废水处理过程中污泥活性低的指示生物,湖累枝虫(Epistylis lacustris)、软波豆虫(Bodo lens)、跳侧滴虫(Pleuromonas jaculans)等可作为污泥活性高的指示生物.     

基于微生物生物完整性指数的地下水生态系统健康评价:以包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统为例

生物完整性指数是水体生态系统健康评价的重要指标,已被广泛应用于湖泊河流等的生态系统健康评价中.但利用水体中分解者微生物群落构建IBI评价标准的报道很少,针对地下水生态系统的研究更是鲜见.本研究针对包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统健康开展评价工作,基于地下水环境中微生物群落Illumina高通量测序信息,筛选关键环境因子,甄别敏感或耐受微生物分类属,确定候选生物参数,探索针对地下水的微生物完整性指数(microbiome index of biotic integrity,M-IBI)评价流程与标准构建方法.结果表明,总计12个地下水样点中,4个样点属于健康等级(Ⅰ级),占总样点的33.3%;2个样点属于亚健康等级(Ⅱ级),占总样点的16.7%;5个样点属于一般等级(Ⅲ级),占41.7%;1个样点属于较差等级(Ⅳ级),占8.3%;总体来看,靠近尾矿库的样点健康等级较低,而远离尾矿库参照点受到的干扰较小,健康等级较高,这可能与人类活动干扰影响程度密切相关.参照该地区地下水理化参数基础上的水质情况分析结果,发现应用M-IBI指数可较合理地评估包头稀土尾矿区周边地下水生态系统健康状况.结合生态系统健康内涵,本研究初步提出针对地下水生态系统健康的M-IBI指数评价体系构建流程.     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

DGGE及T-RFLP分析光照下电位对细菌群落的影响

电位和光照能影响生物电化学系统中产电光合微生物的富集和生长,为了明确电位对细菌多样性的影响,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)和末端限制性片段长度多态性(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)两种方法分析光照条件下电位对电极生物膜细菌群落多样性的影响,实验设置0、0.2、0.4、0.6 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)4个电位.结果表明,0.6 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)下电极生物膜细菌DGGE条带数量较其他处理明显降低,对条带的测序结果显示不同电位下电极生物膜细菌主要属于α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(β-Proteobacteria)和梭菌纲(Clostridia).而0.2 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处理下末端限制性片段(terminal restriction fragment,T-RF)的数量最高,片段数量随电压进一步升高呈现降低趋势.虽然DGGE和T-RFLP两种方法分析结果有一定差异,但都能反映电位对电极生物膜细菌群落多样性影响显著,高电位降低了细菌多样性.