Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in thermally activated persulfate system in the presence of formic acid

The thermally activated persulfate (PS) degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in the presence of formic acid (FA) was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO ₂ ^– · was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^– had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^– displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^–1HCO ₃ ^– promoted CT degradation, while 100 mmol·L^–1NO ₃ ^– inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO ₄ ^2– promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl–concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) remediation for CT contaminated site.     

Enhanced adsorption of phosphate by loading nanosized ferric oxyhydroxide on anion resin

Ferric oxyhydroxide loaded anion exchanger （FOAE） hybrid adsorbent was prepared by loading nanosized ferric oxyhydroxide （FO） on anion exchanger resin for the removal of phosphate from wastewater. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the existence of FO on FOAE. After FO loading, the adsorption capacity of the hybrid adsorbent increased from 38.70 to 51.52mg.g-1. Adsorption processes for both FOAE and anion resin were better fit to the pseudo first order model. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that higher temperature （313K）, higher initial phosphate concentration （50 mg.L-1） and lower solution pH （pH value of 2） would be more propitious to phosphate adsorption. Competition effect of coexisting anions on phosphate removal can be concluded as sulfate 〉 nitrate 〉 chloride. Freundlich isotherm model can describe the adsorption of phosphate on FOAE more accurately, which indicated the heterogeneous adsorption occurred on the inner-surface of FOAE.     

Testing of chemical substances for environmental effects—an important task for the chemical industry

Recently the heterogeneous reactions are increasingly recognised as significant in polluted areas. In this work the reactions of gases with solid alkali‐halide crystals at temperatures 200K and 300K were examined by using a recently proposed thermodynamic model (Varotsos et al., 1988) which provides the interconnection of entropy and enthalpy for various processes with well known macroscopic properties of the bulk solid.     

阳离子型可逆表面活性剂在膨润土上的吸附行为

研究可逆表面活性剂十一烷基二茂铁三甲基溴化铵(FTMA)在膨润土上的吸附机理,并与CTAB进行对比;同时考察土壤关键因子对FTMA吸附的影响.结果表明,FTMA与CTAB在膨润土上的吸附变化规律一致,饱和吸附量为66cmol/kg,约为膨润土1倍CEC,吸附机制主要为阳离子交换作用.不同温度下FTMA吸附等温线均可用Langmuir模型描述,吸附量随温度升高(298→318K),由280.6mg/g增大至350.8mg/g.吸附在8h达到平衡,吸附速率较CTAB慢,并符合准二级动力学方程,化学吸附是主要控制速率步骤.热力学参数计算得出,该吸附是自发吸热过程.随体系离子强度的增大,吸附量下降;共存阳离子对吸附有抑制作用,且影响程度大小为: Ca2+>K+>Na+; pH值对吸附影响较小;腐植酸(HA)的加入促进了FTMA的吸附.     

南极麦克斯韦尔海湾阴离子洗涤剂污染研究

首次报道了南极麦克斯韦尔海湾海域阴离子洗涤剂污染的变化和分布状况。研究海域水体阴离子洗涤剂含量在0.148～0.997mg/L之间,若按中国国内地表水水质标准0.3mg/L评价,全部20个站次中有6站次超过标准,超标率达30％,表明该地区已有一定程度的阴离子洗涤剂污染。主要污染源是各考察站的生活污水。     

A semipermeable membrane equilibrator for halomethanes in seawater

An equilibrator for sampling the partial pressures of halomethanes in seawater was designed and built, incorporating semipermeable membrane tubing to carry the gas phase. The equilibrator was tested for its ability to equilibrate chloromethane, bromomethane, iodomethane, and CFC-11. The residence time required for these halomethanes to equilibrate in the tubing (30 to 60 s) was determined experimentally. In a laboratory test, concentrations calculated from equilibrator measurements and based on published solubility values were found to differ by 6% to 16% from concentrations measured with a purge-and-trap apparatus, but uncertainties in the solubility values are likely to contribute significantly to the differences. In a comparison at sea, no significant difference was found between the semipermeable membrane equilibrator and another, more conventional equilibrator, except a 1.3% difference for CFC-11. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using semipermeable membranes in this and related applications.     

光离子检测器测定大气中溴甲烷

用Ｔｅｎａｘ作为吸附剂捕集大气中的痕量溴甲烷,用气相色谱法和光离子检测器,对其进行检测,相对偏差为０．０５２１,最小检测限为１０ｐｇ。室内外大气中的浓度分别为２４×１０（－１２）（Ｖ／Ｖ）和７７．４×１０（－１２）（Ｖ／Ｖ）,污染在１０（－１１）（Ｖ／Ｖ）水平。     

Ozone decomposition under the irradiation of 253.7 nm in the presence of methyl bromide

In this paper the mechanism and kinetic of ozone decomposition under the irradiation of 253.7 nm UV-light were studied.The quantum yield of the ozone depletion in the presence of methyl bromide is further determined and a reaction model is provided to explain the experimental fact.     

离子色谱法对阴离子分析方法的探讨

通过选择放大倍数、确定样品稀释倍数、加标回收等不同条件,运用离子色谱法对降水、饮用水、地表水中的F-,CL-,NO-2,NO-3加4进行了大量的实验分析。方法具有良好的线性(相关系数在0.9991～0.9997)和重复性(相对标准偏差小于1.9%),NO-3,SO2-标平均回收率为98.6%。方法简便实用,用于实际样品分析,所得结果令人满意。     

Ozone decomposition under the irradiation of 253.7 nm in the presence of methyl bromide

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｖｅｒｐａｓｔｔｅｎ ｙｅａｒｓ,ｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｏｚｏｎｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｃｔｉｖｅｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅａｎｄｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ(Ｈａｒｒｉｓ,1995) .Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｒｏｍｉｄｅｉｓｍｕｃｈｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ,ｔｈｅｏｚｏｎｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｂｒｏｍｉｄｅｉｓ 50ｔｉｍｅｓｇｒｅａｔｅｒ (Ｈａｒｒｉｓ,1995;ＭｃＥｌｒｏｙ ,1986)…