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61.
采用盆栽实验考察了湖泊疏浚底泥和河道疏浚底泥不同利用方式下对土壤基底性质的改良进而促进水生植物芦苇快速定植扩繁效果.试验结果表明,湖泊底泥在竹炭改良利用方式下(L-A实验组)可提高芦苇单位面积分蘖数增长率,最高可达(3.06±0.36) m~(-2)·d~(-1),在与绿化土壤混合利用方式下(L-M实验组)可提高芦苇株高,最高达(155.5±0.7) cm;而河道底泥在与绿化土壤混合利用方式下(R-M实验组)芦苇的单位面积分蘖数增长率和株高效果最优,分别可达(4.76±0.18) m~(-2)·d~(-1)和(139.5±3.5) cm.分析原因发现,施加底泥可以明显降低土壤容重,并提高有机质和磷含量,从而促进芦苇分蘖数增长率的提高.基底微生物群落多样性和群落中Micrococcaceae(微球菌)的丰度也显著提高,进一步证实了施加底泥可以改良基底理化性质从而促进芦苇快速定植. 相似文献
62.
Use of adjuvants to minimize leaching of herbicides in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Excessive leaching of herbicides affects their efficacy against target weeds and results in contamination of groundwater.
Use of adjuvants that can weakly bind herbicides and in turn release them slowly is a valuable technique to prolong the efficacy
of herbicides and to minimize their leaching into groundwater. Effects of activated charcoal, three humic substances (Enersol
SP 85%, Enersol 12%, and Agroliz), or a synthetic polymer (Hydrosorb) on the leaching of bromacil, dicamba, and simazine were
investigated in leaching columns using a Candler fine sand (Typic Quartzipsamment). The addition of adjuvants had no harmful
effects on physical properties of the soil as evident from lack of its affects on water percolation. When no adjuvants were
used, 69%, 37%, and 4% of applied dicamba, bromacil, and simazine, respectively, were leached in the first pore volume of
leachate (⋍3.2 cm rainfall). With five pore volumes of leachate (⋍16 cm rainfall), bromacil and dicamba were leached completely
and only 80% of simazine was leached. Using Enersol 12% adjuvant resulted in a 13%–18% reduction in leaching of dicamba and
bromacil in five pore volumes of leachate. The leaching of simazine was significantly decreased when any of the five adjuvants
mentioned above were used. However, the decrease in leaching was significantly greater when using Enersol SP 85% or Enersol
12% (24%–28%) than when using the other adjuvants (12%–16%). 相似文献
63.
颗粒活性炭吸附染料时的表面分形分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用N2吸附-脱附实验研究了颗粒活性炭吸附染料前后表面特征的变化,运用表面分形维数表征了表面屏蔽效应和表面粗糙性等性质.结果表明,颗粒活性炭的孔结构是倾斜板交错重叠而形成四面开放的缝隙,桃红、绿色、天蓝、耐晒黑可以撑开颗粒活性炭的孔隙,增大平均孔径;耐晒翠蓝具有降低孔径的能力;大红却有些微孔阻塞作用.FHH理论计算出的相应的7个颗粒活性炭样品吸附6种染料前后的孔隙表面分形维数Ds很接近,为2.97左右,证明颗粒活性炭上吸附的染料并没有发生表面屏蔽效应,也没有使颗粒活性炭表面的粗糙性降低.分形吸附等温线法与基于N2吸附-脱附的FHH理论法计算出的Ds相差较大,这与两种算法的理论基础和码尺大小有关.而热力学模型计算出的Ds远大于3,与Sahouli等的研究不符. 相似文献
64.
黑炭是不完全燃烧生成的具有高度芳香化结构的含碳颗粒物,能对火烧迹地土壤生态功能产生长期影响.以中亚热带马尾松人工林采伐火烧迹地为研究对象,分析火后黑炭处理[移除(B0)、单倍(B1)、双倍(B2)]、未火烧对照(UB)5 a后土壤有机碳组分[可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、惰性有机碳(RC)、粗颗粒有机碳(CPOC)、细颗粒有机碳(FPOC)]含量和碳转化酶[葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(POX)、纤维素酶(CBH)、蔗糖酶(SC)]活性特征.结果表明,B1处理土壤DOC、 MBC、 CPOC、 FPOC和RC含量均显著低于UB(P<0.05).B2处理土壤MBC和FPOC含量与UB无显著差异,但显著高于B0处理(P<0.001).B1和B2处理土壤MBC/TC与UB无显著差异,而B0处理土壤MBC/TC显著低于UB(... 相似文献
65.
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68.
Punning J.-M. Toff T. Tann R. Lukki T. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1997,2(1):1-17
The study focused on the problem of the response and adaptation of an ecosystem to natural fire in case of greenhouse warming.
The palaeoecological approach was used and reconstructions were made for timeca 6000 years ago, when the human impact in the studied area was absent or very weak and the summer temperatures were about
2.4 degrees higher than at the present time. The palaeoreconstructions were compliled using the charcoal, pollen and diatoms
data from the sediments of a northeast Estonian lake. The results show that forest fires influenced the biota of the lake
mainly through evapotranspiration and the accompanying erosional changes. The impacts of the fire directly to the lake ecosystem
were short-term and the primary diatom association was restored after 10–15 years. The pollen influx was influenced by the
fires mainly through the changes in the openness of the landscape and the composition of the pollen spectra was restored over
a period of 50–60 years. The data demonstrate the high ability of the studied ecosystem to adapt to the impact of natural
fires in the climatic environment comparable with that predicted for the future. 相似文献
69.
Hangjun Zhang Guoying Zhu Xiuying Ji Ying Ding Mi Zhang Qing Gao Ciming Hu Shuying Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(12):1983-1988
The bamboo charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan can effectively remove microcystin-LR from drinking water. 相似文献
70.
分离到1株吡啶降解菌——脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans W12),将其附着生长于颗粒活性竹炭(ABC)制备成生物活性竹炭(BABC),分别以游离菌和固着菌开展对水中吡啶的去除实验.结果表明,0.31g·L-1游离态W12菌可在26.5~48.9h内将48.70~1399mg·L-1的吡啶完全降解;附着于ABC的W12菌不仅保持其降解能力,而且BABC通过吸附与降解的协同作用更高效地去除吡啶,当温度为35℃,BABC投加量为10.0g·L-1时,692.2mg·L-1的吡啶在前3.6h主要通过吸附作用降低52%,其后主要通过生物降解作用至23.7h被基本去除,随着BABC投加量和处理批次的增加,吡啶去除效率显著提高.研究进一步从微观结构上对BABC去除水中吡啶的协同作用机制进行了探讨. 相似文献