矿山开发对地下水的影响研究

矿山开采中的环境地质问题目前引起了足够重视,含水层破坏问题就是其中之一,将会影响到地下水资源.文章以个旧矿区为例,探讨了矿山开采引起的含水层结构破坏、地下水水位变化、地下水补径排条件改变和水质污染等现象,对矿山地下水综合利用及矿山地质环境保护提出参考建议,为矿山环境恢复治理提供科学依据.     

Changes in the upper limits of tree species distribution in the Western Caucasus (Belaya River basin) related to recent climate warming

To estimate the response of tree vegetation to recent climate warming in the Western Caucasus, the population state of several tree species at the upper limit of their distribution has been estimated in three mountain massifs in the Belaya River basin. For this purpose, the average and maximum stem diameters, vitality, and age of trees have been determined in the transitional zone between middle-mountain and high-mountain beech-fir forests (1400–1700 m a.s.l.) and in crooked birch forests growing at the upper timberline (1810–2025 m). The upper limits of Acer platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, Ulmus glabra, and Betula litwinowii have shown a tendency to rise. The upper limit of Abies nordmanniana has remained unchanged over the past few decades, which may be explained by a decrease in moisture supply during the warm season.     

电焊熔珠对棉布和聚氨酯泡沫的引燃能力研究

研究了加载电压对电焊熔珠数目和粒径分布的影响,在模拟装置上实验了电焊对棉布、聚氨酯泡沫和纸张的引燃性能.结果表明,随着加载电压升高,电焊熔珠的数目逐渐减少,熔珠粒径逐渐增大,引燃能力逐渐增强.固体材料性质对电焊熔珠引燃能力也有很大影响,表面粗糙,易蓄热材料容易被点燃.电焊熔珠引燃棉布、聚氨酯泡沫和纸张的临界电压为37.5V、40V和45V.     

Morphology, growth and carbohydrate storage of the plant Typha angustifolia at different water depths

Morphological characteristics, growth and carbohydrate storage dynamics of Typha angustifolia in relation to water depth were investigated. The study was based on observations carried out in two stands, namely Akigase and Teganuma, for two growth seasons. The latter stand was about two times deeper than the former. Teganuma stands exhibited significantly higher number of thick shoots compared to those of Akigase. Conversely, the difference in shoot heights between the two stands was insignificant. The same was true for rhizome lengths. Rhizome diameters were significantly bigger for Teganuma compared to Akigase. Furthermore, both the above and belowground biomass were significantly higher for Teganuma compared to those of Akigase. Teganuma stands allocated 55% of the total biomass to the aboveground parts, while Akigase stands allocated 60%. Similarly, Teganuma exhibited significantly higher stocks of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) compared to Akigase. The higher number of thick shoots and the relatively bigger rhizome diameters in Teganuma are seemingly important tolerance strategies in maintaining effective aeration into the rhizosphere, by reducing internal resistance. In addition, the higher TNC stocks and biomass help not only to enhance survival under anoxia for longer durations, they also provide firm substrate anchorage in the deeper Teganuma stands.     

常温下IC反应器启动过程中的颗粒污泥性能研究

在常温下用自配葡萄糖废水启动IC反应器,研究了厌氧颗粒污泥的形成过程和特性。IC反应器进水浓度为3 000 mg COD/L,水温为14.5～26℃,25 d内形成了颗粒污泥。结果表明,随着运行时间和容积负荷的增加,颗粒污泥粒径逐渐增大。反应器启动完成后,反应器中2 mm的颗粒污泥增加到6.6%,0.3 mm的颗粒从57.7%减少到39.4%;VSS浓度从24.7 g/L上升到48.2 g/L;VSS/SS从34.4%增加到72.8%。颗粒污泥的沉降速度与颗粒粒径成正比,0.3～3 mm的颗粒污泥的沉降速度介于34.05～109.75 m/h之间,具有良好的沉降性能。初始接种污泥几乎没有产甲烷活性,与第30 d的初期颗粒污泥相比,成熟的颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性提高了46.7%。     

化学气相沉积法对13X分子筛孔径修饰及吸附性能研究

化学气相沉积法可对１３Ｘ分子筛进行孔径修饰，并用于含重金属离子废水的净化处理。研究结果表明，随１３Ｘ分子筛外表面ＳｉＯ２沉积量的增加，孔径收缩。     

关于环形风道比摩阻两种计算方法

就通风空调工程中具有特殊应用的环形风道的摩擦阻力计算问题进行了分析，根据流体力学原理，提出了采用流量当量直径法和直接利用圆形风道计算图风道的比摩阻2种方法，第2种计算方法与流量当量直径法比较，查表时更直接。     

Determination of granule size distribution in a UASB reactor

Granular sludge is the key factor for an efficient operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. In order to monitor the granularity of anaerobic sludge, the determination of the granule size distribution is of vital importance. For this reason, several techniques have been proposed; however, they are either tedious, imprecise or expensive and hardly applicable in full-scale treatment plants. There was then the need for a simple and low-cost technique. This technique involves the determination of the settling velocities of a sludge sample and of extrapolating the corresponding diameters using a mathematical algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the granules density was calculated, the flow regime was examined and finally the granule size distribution was obtained. Two very important correlations were suggested by the experimental results. The granule density and diameter were strongly correlated with the VSS/TSS ratio.     

SBR池射流曝气水射器喷头的改制、安装与调试

在工程调试中发现了问题 ,根据现场的实际情况 ,将射流器作了改制 ,并改变安装方法 ,最终达到预期效果     

生物炭施用对农田土壤团聚体及有机碳影响的整合分析

生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂,已广泛用于农田土壤的改善.为明确生物炭对我国农田土壤固碳效应的影响,基于已公开发表的文献数据,利用Meta分析法研究生物炭施用在不同试验条件下对土壤团聚体、团聚体碳和土壤有机碳的响应.结果表明,与不施生物炭相比,施用生物炭显著增加土壤大团聚体比例（10.8%）和平均重量直径（MWD,13.3%）,对土壤微团聚体和粉黏粒组分无显著作用;施用生物炭能够显著增加土壤各粒径团聚体碳和土壤总有机碳含量,土壤有机碳增幅为56.9%.通过亚组分析和Meta回归分析表明,华北地区施用生物炭土壤有机碳增幅最大（39.4%）;不同试验类型下施用生物炭均能显著提高土壤有机碳含量;相比不施肥,施肥条件下施用生物炭能显著改善土壤结构,提升土壤肥力;生物炭在施用>2 a条件下,能显著提高大团聚体比例（15.7%）、MWD （21.2%）、大团聚体碳（31.7%）和土壤有机碳含量（40.0%）;相比木材、木屑等原料制备的生物炭,农作物秸秆制备的生物炭对土壤的改良效果更佳;在高氮土壤中施用生物炭更有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性.综上所述,生物炭施用可以改善土壤团聚结构,促进土壤有机碳积累,对农田肥力维持与提升具有重要意义.