硫铁填料和微电流强化再生水脱氮除磷的研究

为提高再生水质量,在不同C/N和HRT条件下,对比分析硫铁复合填料和微电流作用强化再生水深度脱氮除磷效果.结果表明,硫铁复合填料和微电流作用均能够强化氮、磷的深度去除效果,且二者结合能够使反硝化系统pH值稳定在7.2~8.5之间.系统中TN主要靠异养反硝化、氢自养反硝化和硫自养反硝化作用去除,94.04%的TP是以生成磷酸铁沉淀的形式去除.分别从填料上取生物膜,进行Miseq高通量测序,构建细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库.结果发现,在仅有海绵铁作用系统中,同时具有异养反硝化和氢自养反硝化功能的细菌所占比例达到29.47%;硫铁复合填料和硫铁微电流作用系统中,具有硫自养反硝化功能的Thiobacillus(硫杆菌属)所占比例分别达到60.47%和40.62%.因此,硫铁复合填料和微电流作用用于强化再生水深度脱氮除磷具有明显的优势.     

废弃电子塑料在超临界异丙醇中的液化特性

研究了废弃含溴化阻燃剂的电子塑料在超临界异丙醇中的液化特性.研究结果表明塑料在超临界异丙醇中发生了解聚,产生油、气以及固体残渣,塑料中的溴化阻燃剂发生了脱溴降解.反应时间、固/液比、溶剂填充度对塑料解聚及阻燃剂脱溴降解影响较大,在最佳工艺条件(温度:400℃,反应时间:60min,固/液比:1/10,溶剂填充度:50%)下获得60%的产油率及95.3%的脱溴率.油以苯系物及酚类物质为主要组成物质,其热值为37.5MJ/kg.超临界异丙醇处理含溴化阻燃剂塑料主要包括溴化阻燃剂的萃取、脱溴降解和塑料高温解聚等过程.     

过电流故障铝导线熔痕部位与组织特征关联性研究

为深入研究过电流故障铝导线熔痕部位与组织特征之间的关联关系,本文模拟2.5 mm2BLV铝导线通25～ 187.5 A电流时的发热、熔断和燃烧过程,研究过电流铝导线发热形变与熔痕形成的内在关联,根据各部位熔痕受热形成过程,分类识别典型组织特征.研究结果表明:随着电流值升高,铝导线先后出现线芯发热、绝缘热解、熔断拉弧、绝...     

居民电子废物回收行为影响因素的实证研究

基于对350名城市居民的问卷调查结果,运用验证性因子分析方法对居民的电子废物回收行为、行为意向及其影响因素进行了实证研究.结果表明,基于计划行为理论所建立的结构方程模型可以较为有效地诠释有关研究假设,环境知识、舆论宣传和垃圾分类等情境因素对电子废物回收行为具有调节作用.知觉行为控制对于行为意向转化为行为具有非常重要地促进作用,而便利状况则是影响知觉行为控制的重要因素.     

铬污染土壤超低频复电阻率频散特性

在超低频段(2-5~26Hz)内,研究了铬污染土壤复电阻率在不同含水率、铬含量和孔隙率下的幅值及相位频散特性. 结果显示,铬污染土壤复电阻率的幅值随频率的增大呈单调递减趋势,但相位随频率的变化曲线呈平放的S形. 含水率、铬含量和孔隙率的变化均会引起土壤复电阻率的幅值和相位大小的改变,而相位峰值的位置只对含水率及孔隙率的变化较为敏感,与铬含量变化的关系不大. 含水率从0.08增至0.24时可导致相位峰值的位置产生约8Hz的右移;而当w(Cr6+)从0.5g/kg增至4.0g/kg时,相位峰值的位置基本不发生变化. 表明铬含量和含水率的增大均会引起电阻率减小的异常现象,若单纯地使用电阻率很难区分引起这2种异常现象的原因,但结合土壤复电阻率频散特性特别是相位峰值的位置可以进行有效判别,进而可判定铬污染场地的铬含量分布.      

基于人因失误分析的医院电气安全管理研究

医院是重点用电单位,用电的安全性和供电可靠性都比较高,但因不可抗力、供电系统故障、医院管理问题、人为失误等方面的原因,仍存在发生各类电气突发事件的风险。其中,由人的误操作或不安全行为因素而诱发的电气方面的突发事件已成为医院非医疗事故的主要原因。文章针对医院电气安全操作方面的人因失误,从个人和组织两个角度进行了失误原因的分析,认为人的失误既受个体因素的影响,也受环境、制度和管理水平的影响。在此基础上,提出完善相关规章制度建设、加强教育与培训等,从组织制度建设、人员技术素质提高等方面,提出预防与减少人因失误的措施与方法,提高供配电质量,为医院医疗工作提供有效的电气安全后勤保障。     

余热利用低低韫电除坐技术在燃煤电厂的应用

论述并总结了余热利用低低温电除尘技术在新昌某电厂700MW机组燃煤锅炉上的应用情况,指出采用该技术是燃煤电厂进一步减排节能的有益尝试。     

Success factors and barriers in re-use of electrical and electronic equipment

This paper aims to identify specific and generic success factors and barriers in the re-use of electrical and electronic equipment for a variety of different operating models. The scope of the study is information and communication technologies (ICT) and large household appliances. Success factors and barriers for re-use were identified through the conducting of semi-structured interviews with 28 case study partners representing the different models. A list of generic success factors and barriers was identified. From this generic list, the re-use success factors and barriers were ranked by the interviewees with regards to their importance. On the one hand, the difficulty in accessing sufficient volumes of good quality used equipment and the lack of legislations, which support, incentivize and – if necessary – enforce this access, were identified as most impactful barriers. On the other hand, the control and securing of product and process quality were ranked as most important success factors. Re-use organisations, which adhere to good re-use practices, differentiate themselves through quality guarantee from non-compliant, informal competitors. Moreover, proven quality strengthens confidence in re-use of important stakeholders like suppliers, customers, authorities and the general public. Differences in reuse barriers and success factors were also explored for varying geographical regions, product category and operating models.     

RVVB护套线过电流诱发短路故障发生概率与起火燃烧过程分析*

为深入研究电气火灾中护套线因过电流诱发短路故障的转化过程,搭建RVVB护套线过电流诱发短路故障电路,统计短路发生概率,借助高速影像,获取短路发生的时间和次数,分析护套线起火燃烧过程。结果表明:在过电流故障发生1 h内,I≤16 A时护套线仅线芯发热、绝缘炭化,无法诱发短路;I=24 A时护套线发生短路概率为40%,在973 s内发生初次短路;32 A≤I<48 A时护套线发生多次短路的概率随电流值增大而增大,在I=48 A时达到50%,发生初次短路的时间随电流值增大而减小,最短时间为28 s;短路引发绝缘层燃烧的概率随电流值增大呈指数递增,I=24 A时护套线在短路后发生燃烧的概率为62.5%,在48 A时达到100%,短路后1 618 ms内火焰可蔓延至护套线两端,形成全线燃烧现象。研究结果可对溯源电气火灾发生的根本原因提供数据支撑。     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.