Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

生产低硫汽油的新技术

介绍了我国及欧美等国家车用汽油标准中对硫含量的规定，以及降低催化汽油硫含量的几种工艺方法，特别是新发展起来的FCC脱硫助剂、FCC脱硫催化剂和膜分离等技术。采用新的脱硫技术可以在不同程度上降低催化汽油的硫含量。适应不同的脱硫要求，为炼油厂生产低硫汽油提供了更多的技术选择。     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

重型柴油车实际道路排放与行驶工况的相关性研究

采用SEMTECH-D车载排放测试仪测量了东风柴油卡车在城市实际道路工况以及等速和加速工况下的油耗及污染物排放状况.测试结果显示,测试卡车实际道路综合百公里油耗为17.8 L,NOx、CO和HC排放因子分别为3.96、8.86和2.15g·km-1.其中主干道路况相对较差,油耗与排放因子较高,是所有测试道路平均水平的1.3～1.8倍左右.研究结果表明,重型车油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高排放.车辆在30～50 km·h-1速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好.车辆在加速行驶时,油耗与NOx、CO排放因子可达到城市实际道路平均水平的2.0、2.2、1.4倍,急加速时达到2.8、2.1、14倍.应用比功率概念可准确描述车辆在各运行工况下的排放水平,但在重型车上缺乏实验依据,有待进一步研究.     

Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

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Preliminary studies on nitrous oxide emissions from the ornithogenic soils on Xi-sha atoll, South China Sea

IntroductionNitrousoxide (N2 O)isoneofthemostimportantgreenhousegases ,anditplaysanimportantroleinthedepletionofstratosphericozone (Crutzen ,1977;Zhu ,2 0 0 4 ) .TheatmosphericN2 Oconcentrationshavebeenincreasingattherateof 0 2 %— 0 3%peryearandthegl…     

开式冷挤压成形深小锥孔件时极限变形程度的理论研究

给出了深小锥孔件开式冷挤压成形时极限变形程度的定义,建立了变形区非稳态连续速度场;利用上限原理得到了极限变形程度的理论判据。分析了各主要参数对极限变形程度的影响规律,对指导制定深小锥孔件开式冷挤压成形工艺具有重要意义。     

Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

ＧａｍｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｏｐｔｉｍａｌｃａｐｉｔａｌｃｏｓｔａｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌＣｈｅｎＷｅｎｙｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｓｉｎｇｈｕａＵｎｉｖｅｒ...     

关于环境自动监测的系统设计和方案探讨

根据上海市环境监测的现状，分别从大气环境、污染源排放、水和废水监测等方面提出了进一步开展自动监测的设想和网络优化设计，并探讨了有关管理措施。     

502清洁生产实践

分析台州市两家502企业清洁生产情况,总结经验和成效,提出进一步清洁生产潜力,促进行业节能降耗减污。