茶园土壤酸化对氟的影响及茶叶氟安全限量的探讨

在分析国内外茶园土壤酸化现状的基础上,概述了关于土壤水溶性氟与土壤pH值关系的研究进展,并通过实地调研和培养实验研究了茶园土壤酸化对土壤水溶性氟的影响.实地调研中土壤水溶性氟含量与土壤pH值无显著相关性.培养实验中,当pH＞4.00时,模拟土壤水溶性氟含量随土壤pH值的下降变化不显著;而当pH＜4.00时,土壤水溶性氟含量随着pH值的下降迅速增加,且达到极显著水平.同时描述了世界各国制订的每人每天最大摄氟量标准,对我国现行茶叶标准与国外一些国家的同类标准之间的差异做了评析.茶叶溶出实验的结果表明,我国茶叶氟安全限量需要进一步完善.     

pH对铝盐絮凝剂形态分布与混凝除氟性能的影响

对比研究了AlC13和3种不同碱化度的聚合氯化铝(PACl)在不同pH与投量下除氟效果,并对不同形态铝盐除氟机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,pH对絮凝剂水解后铝形态分布及其除氟效果有重要影响.pH 5 ～6时,Al3+和Al2、Al3等低聚态铝为AlCl3主要形态,且AlCl3更易水解生成可将溶解态氟转化为颗粒态氟的Al(OH)3,从而较PACl具有更佳除氟效果.pH ＞7时,PACl较AlCl3具有更佳除氟效果,且增大PACl碱化度可促进氟的去除,这主要是由于具有较高Al13含量的PACl更容易与电负性F-结合所致;且絮凝剂混凝除氟絮体ζ电位越高,越利于F-在絮体表面吸附.     

氟化物对植物生理生化的影响

综述了氟化物对植物的光合作用、时吸作用、膜生理和有机物的代谢等生理过程，及异常衰老和遗传变异的影响，并提出了今后的研究方向。     

Environmental Accumulation of Airborne Fluorides in Romania

The nature and extent of pollution from an aluminium smelter and a fertiliser factory in Romania were studied. These are large industrial complexes, and both types of industry are known to release fluorides into the atmosphere. In grass samples collected from around the aluminium smelter, the maximum fluoride levels were found to be 4023mgkg^–1 and 162mgkg^–1 in unwashed and washed grass samples respectively, and 89mgkg^–1 in soils. For the fertiliser factory, the maximum levels in washed grasses were found to be 207mgkg^–1, and 11mgkg^–1 in the soils. In both locations, these maximum values were obtained in samples collected from within 200m of the factory limits, and compare with regional background levels of less than 10mgkg^–1 for grasses and 2mgkg^–1 for soils. The high fluoride levels of fluoride in the grasses are sufficient to give cause for concern for the effects that these could have on the local population and on grazing animals.     

杭嘉湖蚕桑区主要大气氟污染源及治理现状

对杭嘉湖蚕桑区大气氟主要污染源——砖瓦厂氟的排放状况及各种含氟烟道废气治理装置的治理效果进行了较为深入的调查分析,认为砖瓦厂含氟废气不经烟道排放较为严重。目前砖瓦厂所采用的各种含氟废气治理装置中,旋流板塔装置除氟效率较佳,可使废气氟的排放浓度降至5mg/m~3以下,基本上能消除下风向300m以远的大气氟污染对蚕桑的严重危害。     

Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water in The Province of Soria (Central Spain) and Caries in Children

The fluoride content in the water supply of the Soria province is not normally above 0.2mg L^–1 and its geographical distribution is related to the lithological and geological features of the zone, the highest concentration being associated with the Miocene clay formation of the Almazán Basin.A statistical analysis confirms a connection between this fluoride content and tooth decay among children in rural areas. However, other factors such as oral hygiene and diet have been found to affect tooth decay.     

源于大气的氟在水稻不同器官的分布及对糙米含氟量的影响

用开顶式熏气罩熏气的方法,研究了气源氟在水稻不同器官的分布及对糙米含氟量的影响。结果表明:气源氟主要分布于水稻叶片中,根含氟量不受气源氟的影响;籽粒含氟量取决于籽粒器官形成后空气氟浓度,与籽粒器官形成前的空气氟浓度无关;糙米氟含量与水稻抽穗齐穗后所暴露的氟剂量间呈极显著线性相关关系。     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm^-2·day^-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

采用泥回流处理彩色显像管含氟废水

本文通过中和、混凝沉降法除氟过程,研究了彩色显像管工业废水除氟的适宜工艺条件。现场试验表明:应用泥回流处理技术,采用高效絮凝剂处理含氟废水,排放废水氟含量可稳定在4-6mg/L之间,低于排放标准（10mg/L）,同时废水处理的成本大大降低。     

锆负载型树脂用于含氟废水深度处理的研究

本文研制了一种以火力发电厂废树脂为载体的锆负载型氟离子吸附剂 ,并在评价了该树脂对氟离子的吸附性能之后探讨了该树脂用于火力发电厂含氟废水深度处理的可能性。研究结果表明 ,锆的最佳负载的最佳浓度为0 .5mol/L ,该负载树脂的最佳吸附pH为 3.0— 4 .0 ,用填充柱进行的动态实验结果表明 ,pH =3时的吸附容量显著高于 pH=4时的值。利用该树脂对火力发电厂模拟含氟废水进行了双柱串联吸附工艺处理 ,当柱流量为 35mL/min(SV10 )、第二柱穿透时 ,第一柱的吸附容量为 10 2 2 8mg/L湿树脂 ;用 0 .1mol/L的NaOH溶液进行再生 ,柱流量选择为 35mL/min(SV10 )时 ,脱附率在 95 %以上。