Cd、Cu单一污染对小麦体内活性氧消除系统影响

采用溶液培养法,研究不同浓度Cd、Cu单一污染对小麦SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量的影响。结果表明:(1)SOD和CAT活性对Cd胁迫反应较敏感,而POD活性变化不大,叶片中有效的活性氧自由基清除系统的平衡被打破,MDA含量增加;(2)Cu胁迫下,小麦叶片中MDA含量的变化趋势与根部的相反,在Cu处理浓度为25、50mg/L时,叶片中有效的活性氧自由基清除系统的平衡未被打破,MDA含量保持在较低的水平;而根部恰好相反,该系统出现了失衡现象,MDA含量偏高。     

成都永丰乡南郊村蔬菜地Cu,Pb污染调查与评价

本文讨论了工业排放含Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ废水对永丰乡南效村蔬菜地的影响。结果表明：调查地土壤已遭较严重的Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ合污染。土地壤Ｃｕ含量为７７．５６－１６８２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，为对照点的１．６－３４倍，所采１６个土样中有１５个点的土壤Ｃｕ含量超过国家标准。土壤中Ｐｂ含量为４０．５－４１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，为对照点的１．１－１１倍。生长于其上的蔬菜已不同程度的受到Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ的污染。     

Ecosystem services for water policy: Insights across Europe

In this research we explored how the concepts and approaches of ecosystem services are currently used in water management in Europe, in the application of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) developed for the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Five case studies have been considered, located in the River Basin Districts of the Po river (Italy), Scotland (United Kingdom), Scheldt river (Belgium), Danube river (Romania), Sado and Mira rivers and Ribeiras do Algarve (Portugal). These cases represent different regional contexts of application of this EU water policy, with specific socio-economic drivers and environmental issues. Each case study has developed an operational framework to analyse ecosystem services in practice together with a group of local stakeholders. In each regional case, we examined how EU water policy and RBMPs are implemented, considered legal and planning instruments from the national to the local scale, and we analysed the use of ecosystem service terms and concepts in the relevant planning instruments. In parallel, we explored the view of local stakeholders and water managers on the topic, collecting their opinion on three major aspects: the usefulness of the concepts and approaches of ecosystem services for WFD river basin management plans, the risks and benefits of their use, and the knowledge needs to put the concepts into practice. The major drawback of the ecosystem service approach seems to be the challenge for practitioners of understanding new concepts and methodologies, while the major advantages are that it highlights all the hidden benefits of a water body in good health and promotes multi-functionality and sustainability in water management. The results of this study provide a picture across Europe of the current use of the concepts of ecosystem services in the RBMP and relevant insight on the opinion of local stakeholders and water managers.     

测定甲基托布津的分光光度法的研究

用Ｃｕ＾２＋和甲基托布津在氨碱性条件下作用产生沉淀，离心分离未反应的Ｃｒ＾２＋，经ＣＯ显色剂在柠檬酸缓冲液中显色后，测定溶液中的Ｃｒ＾２＋浓度可间接求得甲基托布律的含量。此方法简便快捷，且可进行微量测定。用本方法与络合滴定法做对照试验。结果能很好的符合。     

WF-8型在线富集进样器应用于水中痕量CuPbCd测定的研究

用 WF 8型在线富集进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计联用 ,应用于水中痕量 Cu、Pb、Cd的测定 ,其富集倍数分别是 1 2 2、1 3 6和 94倍 ,测定的精密度分别是 3 7%、2 8%和 3 9% ,检出限分别是 0 4 7、1 3和 0 2 2μg L,在地表水样中的加标回收率分别为 94 2 %～ 1 0 0 %、98 8%～ 1 0 7%和 1 0 8%～ 1 2 0 % ,并对 WF 8型进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计的成功联用 ,提出了一种新操作程序。     

Indicators for managing biosolids in Ireland

Sustainable development indicators (SDIs) have emerged as a tool to measure progress towards sustainable development for a number of fields. However, no indicator initiative to date has been aimed at biosolids management at local authority, regional or national levels. This paper presents a study where stakeholders involved in the management of biosolids in Ireland participated in the development of SDIs for managing biosolids at the local/regional level. A significant 81% of participating stakeholders find SDIs either 'useful' or 'very useful' as a tool for managing biosolids. A suite of 22 indicators has been developed and arranged according to the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) indicator framework. The indicators address all the domains of biosolids management namely, production, quality, cost, legislation/regulation, training/research and recycling/disposal. The stakeholder approach is recognition that no effective indicator set can be developed without the input of stakeholders.     

中国粮食安全系统脆弱性评价及其驱动机制分析

从粮食安全系统的视角出发,运用VSD的脆弱性分析框架,从暴露性、敏感性、适应能力三个层面构建了中国粮食安全脆弱性评价指标体系,采用主成分分析方法对1991-2015年中国粮食安全脆弱性的暴露性、敏感性、适应能力进行定量分析,并探究了中国粮食安全脆弱性变化的总体趋势及其驱动因子。研究结果表明：（1）暴露性指数呈现出2阶段下降特征,年均下降0.121;敏感性指数呈现出快速上升和基本稳定的两阶段变化特征;适应能力指数则一直上升,年均提高0.117。（2）1991-2015年粮食安全系统脆弱性指数整体呈现下降趋势,表明中国粮食安水平有了明显提高;其变化过程可划分为1991-1999年、2000-2003年和2004-2015年三个阶段,第一、二阶段粮食安全水平的总体提高是基于“吃饱”水平上的提高,而第三阶段是基于“吃好”水平上的提高。（3）人均GDP、城镇化水平和城乡居民人均可支配收入四个因子共同驱动中国粮食安全脆弱性的变化,2000-2015年的第二阶段四因子对粮食安全脆弱性的驱动作用明显小于1991-1999的第一阶段,且第一驱动因子由第一阶段的农村居民人均可支配收入转变为第二阶段的人均GDP和城镇居民可支配收入。     

Major Ionic Composition of Aerosol, Rainwater and its Impact on Surface and Sub-surface Waters, in and Around Mangalore, West Coast of India

Mining activities in Rakha copper mine (Jharkhand, India) were ceased in the year 2001, leaving a huge amount of untreated tailings in the nearby tailings pond. The copper tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Cu, Ni concentrations 1779, 564 mgkg⁻¹, respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements and organic matter. Tailings are often very unstable, and a potential vegetation cover may reduce the erosion or immobilize the toxicants to surrounding environment by phytostabilization. However, high shoot concentrations of elements might disperse them and could be harmful to grazing animals. The objective of this study was to find out which of the three properties; low-accumulation, root accumulation or shoot accumulation of elements (Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd and Co), occur in the semi aquatic species Ammania baccifera growing on copper tailings. Roots of this species accumulated high levels of Cu, even more than 1000 mg kg⁻¹, DW. Metals accumulated by A. baccifera were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. Thus, establishment of such plant on copper tailings can be a safe method to stabilize the metals.     

MBR工艺在PCB线路板废水处理中的运用

采用MBR工艺对PCB线路板废水进行处理,运行结果表明:在进水COD1500mg/L,Cu2+1.5mg/L,MLSS6000～8000mg/L,DO控制在2～4mg/L,系统温度在20～40℃,停留时间为10h,曝气量在40～43m3/min的污水条件下,MBR系统出水水质良好且运行稳定,COD平均去除率在87%以上,Cu2+平均去除率在70%左右,同时系统具有较强的抗负荷冲击能力。     

区域建设项目的污染物排放总量控制方法框架

针对目前还缺乏可操作的建设项目环境管理实施污染物排放总量控制(以下简称总量控制)的方法,基于郑州市环境保护局在建设项目环境管理实施总量控制方面的多年实践与经验,探讨了对总量已超出区域环境容量的地区如何对建设项目实施总量控制,如何确定区域污染减排和综合整治总量控制目标的确定,如何构建新、老污染源之间良性互动机制以及制定建设项目实施总量控制的政策、制度和管理措施保障,为区域建设项目环境管理实施总量控制提供了理论和方法框架。