新型BOD微生物传感流动注射检测仪的研制

研制采用微生物传感技术和流动分析技术来快速测定BOD的仪器。主要技术性能:测量周期为15min;误差率<5%;偏差<5%。通过对国家标准样品和不同水质污水的测试表明,其具有自动化程度高,测量周期短的优点;准确度、稳定性均达到国家标准;且具有良好的适应性。     

氨水还原剂在燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝中的应用

目前氨水作为脱硝还原剂用于燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝国内尚未普遍使用，尤其在大机组上的应用经验较少。通过对实际应用案例的分析，总结了运行经验，为氨水还原剂在大机组SCR的脱硝应用提供参考。     

液相色谱-质谱法同时快速测定地表水中13种农药残留

通过实验建立了一种同时、快速测定地表水中13种农药残留的液相色谱-质谱分析方法。该方法采用水样直接进样,样品仅需0.5 m L,8 min完成1个样品13种农药的同时分析。方法检出限为0.1~11.5μg/L,当样品个数为7,加标量依次为10.0、40.0、100.0μg/L时,方法 RSD为2.51%~12.9%、2.09%~11.4%、1.24%~9.79%,方法准确度为82.1%~112%、92.2%~114%、93.7%~127%。对珠江三角洲地区典型的农业面源、湖泊、地表水饮用水源地等共3大类65个监测点位取样分析,以验证方法的实际可行性,监测结果符合污染物分布规律,水质整体状况良好。除甲基对硫磷外,该方法可以完全满足国家对于地表水、生活饮用水相关指标标准限值的要求,适合地表水水质农药污染状况的快速筛查监测。     

秸秆替代煤高炉喷吹的能源消耗及环境影响比较

以秸秆替代部分煤进行高炉喷吹,对收集、运输、破碎和喷吹等过程进行了能源消耗和环境影响的差异性比较。考虑到碱负、荷对高炉顺行的影响,秸秆在煤中的混入比最大应在10%左右。秸秆喷吹的能耗较高,与煤相比,原煤消耗量增加了1倍以上,原油消耗量增加了4倍左右。从秸秆的收集到破碎,污染物排放量都比煤高,尤其在破碎过程,各种污染物的排放量是煤的7倍左右。在高炉喷吹利用过程中,秸秆与煤的CO_2、CO和高炉渣的排放量相差不大。由于秸秆生物质的碳循环特点,冶炼1 t铁水可减少CO_2排放量23kg。根据我国排污费标准和国际CO_2排放指标交易市场价,用秸秆替代煤喷吹,生产1t铁水可降低环境成本2.23元。对于一座2 500 m³高炉,每年可减排CO_2 5.63万t,总环境成本可以降低550万元。     

基于响应面法SCR脱硝反应器喷氨格栅的优化研究

利用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法,采用k-e湍流模型和组分运输模型对SCR脱硝反应器的氨浓度场进行了数值模拟,并通过实验验证了反应器内氨浓度场数值模拟的准确性,同时,基于响应面法研究了喷氨格栅各结构参数和系统运行参数对SCR脱硝反应器内氨浓度场的影响.结果表明,喷口密度N,开孔率ψ,喷口角度α及入口风速v对氨浓度分布均匀性都存在着一定影响,其中影响的显著性为N>α>v>ψ.而且存在着一组最优的喷氨格栅结构参数和最佳的系统运行参数能够使SCR脱硝反应器内的氨浓度分布不均匀系数达到最优值.在本文研究的参数范围内,喷氨格栅最优的结构参数分别是：r=8个、d=57mm、α=90°,系统最佳的运行参数为v=8.17m/s,此时氨浓度分布不均匀系数为0.0151.     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

Scenario simulations of CO2 injection feasibility, plume migration and storage in a saline aquifer, Scania, Sweden

Deep saline aquifers have large capacity for geological CO₂ storage, but are generally not as well characterized as petroleum reservoirs. We here aim at quantifying effects of uncertain hydraulic parameters and uncertain stratigraphy on CO₂ injectivity and migration, and provide a first feasibility study of pilot-scale CO₂ injection into a multilayered saline aquifer system in southwest Scania, Sweden. Four main scenarios are developed, corresponding to different possible interpretations of available site data. Simulation results show that, on the one hand, stratigraphic uncertainty (presence/absence of a thin mudstone/claystone layer above the target storage formation) leads to large differences in predicted CO₂ storage in the target formation at the end of the test (ranging between 11% and 98% of injected CO₂ remaining), whereas other parameter uncertainty (in formation and cap rock permeabilities) has small impact. On the other hand, the latter has large impact on predicted injectivity, on which stratigraphic uncertainty has small impact. Salt precipitation at the border of the target storage formation affects CO₂ injectivity for all considered scenarios and injection rates. At low injection rates, salt is deposited also within the formation, considerably reducing its availability for CO₂ storage.     

注汽锅炉烟气余热利用技术应用

通过对注汽锅炉烟气余热利用潜力分析和开展余热利用方式对比分析,采用了在对流段安装热管换热器,通过换热器将烟气余热与助燃空气换热,余热利用技术的现场应用,实现了注汽锅炉燃料单耗降低的目的,取得良好的节能效果。     

连续流动分光光度法测定空气和废气中的氰化氢

利用荷兰SKALAR公司的间隔流动分析仪,用连续流动注射分析技术,对空气和废气中的氰化氢进行实验研究.优化了实验条件,方法操作简便,氰化物的工作曲线线性关系良好,大大提高了检测效率,缩短了检测时间,同时具有精密度较好的特点.     

注含氧氮气油藏产出气的爆炸极限与临界氧含量研究

西部某碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏,在注入氮气的过程中,存在着氮气源内含有氧气的问题,这对油田的实际生产产生很大的安全威胁。为了研究该油藏注气的可行性,在室内进行了氮气不同含氧量条件下注入过程、生产过程以及处理过程中的安全性评估实验,得到不同含氧条件下注氮气驱的评价效果。研究表明:在高温高压油藏内部,氧气不会因分子质量较大等原因发生沉积;含氧氮气在油藏内部会与原油发生氧化反应,氧气含量越高,氧化反应越强;氧化产生的CO2对油藏的抽提作用明显,会使油藏流体变稠,气油比降低。文中用化学法和作图法对产出气体的临界氧含量作出简单确定,化学法确定临界氧含量为12%左右,作图法为16%,考虑到安全系数等因素,建议实际生产过程中氧气含量应低于8%。