催化臭氧氧化染料溶液的研究

采用催化臭氧化技术降解染料废水,以甲基紫溶液为目标污染物,研究了过渡型金属离子的类型,Fe2+的浓度,溶液初始pH值,染料浓度和正丁醇等因素对其降解率的影响。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化甲基紫溶液的过程中,加入一定浓度的过渡型金属离子对甲基紫的去除具有促进作用;当臭氧浓度为16 mg/L,一定浓度范围内,Fe2+催化臭氧化的效果随着浓度的增加而增加,但Fe2+浓度为13 mg/L时,甲基紫的降解率下降;在酸性范围时,pH值增大其降解率会减小;染料浓度增加,甲基紫的降解率减小,但是其绝对降解值会增加;正丁醇的加入抑制氧化反应的进行,甲基紫的降解率下降,说明催化臭氧化过程中有羟基自由基产生。染料降解过程符合一级反应动力学规律。     

产漆酶食用菌的粗酶液对多环芳烃降解研究

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶,可以降解多种有机污染物,其中包括多环芳烃。但是由于纯漆酶的价格昂贵,限制了在环境修复中的应用。采用液态和固态2种方式培养了食用菌Pleurotus ostreatus和Coprinus comatus,并考察了固态培养的粗酶液对多环芳烃的降解和去毒能力,结果发现2种真菌均可产漆酶,但不产木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶,其中固态培养的漆酶产量高于液态培养,且C.comatus的漆酶产量大于P.ostreatus。2种真菌固态培养的粗酶液对多环芳烃均有一定的降解和去毒作用,且P.ostreatus粗酶液的漆酶活性虽然较低,但是对多环芳烃降解率和去毒效果却优于C.comatus,这可能是P.ostreatus的粗酶液中含有较多的调节物质造成的。P.ostreatus的固态发酵粗酶液对蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽、苊等均有较高的降解率(50%以上),但是对生物有效性高的萘的降解率却较低,这种降解特征可能与底物的电离势大小有关。     

The metabolic fate of 14C‐parathion by some fresh water phytoplankton and its possible effects on the algal metabolism

Abstract

The growth and total carbohydrate contents of Nostoc muscorum and Tolypothrix tenuis were greatly and significantly reduced by the application of parathion. “Chlorophyll a”, carotene biosynthesis and the rate of glucose absorption were enhanced after supplementation of parathion to the culture media of both cyanobacteria. Nitrogen released to the media, total nitrogen content and total nitrogen fixed were increased in both organisms‐ Increase in protein content was accompanied by remarkable drop in amino, peptide and ammonia fractions‐ Phosphorus uptake, RNA, DNA and total phosphorus content were accelerated to reach maximum accumulation at the highest insecticide level. In metabolism study using ¹⁴C‐labelled compound, parathion was readily degraded by Nostoc and Tolypothrix. Following ten days incubation, the aqueous fractions contained 21.1% and 18.1% of the initial activity in Nostoc and Tolypothrix respectively. TLC analysis of the hydrolytic products revealed the presence of three metabolites: p‐aminophenol, p‐nitrophenol and aminoparathion.     

当代大学生职业价值观探析

大学生的职业价值观是影响大学生就业的重要因素之一。通过概括大学生职业价值观的时代特征,深入分析大学生职业价值观的形成原因,为建立科学的职业价值观提出进一步加强价值观教育、就业指导工作及职业生涯规划等对策建议,以解决大学生的就业问题。     

瓦斯抽采二次膨胀封孔材料膨胀机理及应用研究

为降低瓦斯抽采漏气，开发了1种具备后期膨胀的二次膨胀材料（DE），以水泥基材料为对比样，利用自制的膨胀力测试装置，以XRD和SEM分别表征其膨胀力及微观结构。研究结果表明:相比水泥基材料，DE材料的膨胀力明显，并表现出显著的时间效应，且DE材料的膨胀力随约束刚度增大而增大；水化1 d时， DE材料较水泥基材料生成更多的钙矾石（AFt）晶体；随着DE材料水化，AFt晶体不断增多，且水化7 d后AFt晶体发生延迟膨胀，这是引起DE材料后期膨胀的主要因素；工程应用表明DE材料可提高瓦斯抽采浓度及纯量，有效改善抽采效果。     

g-C3N4制备及其协同PDS可见光催化降解布洛芬的研究

以尿素为主要原料,采用热聚合法在不同条件下制备了光催化剂g-C3N4(石墨相碳化氮),通过改变尿素在马弗炉中加热的温度(350℃、400℃、450℃、500℃)和时间(0.5 h、1 h、1.5 h),得到不同烧结温度和时间的光催化剂,并对其进行X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光(UV-Vis)表征,并通过可见光光催化降解布洛芬试验,探究了制备温度、时间对g-C3N4光催化性能的影响;并在溶液中加入PDS(过硫酸钾),联合g-C3N4在可见光下光催化降解布洛芬。结果表明,当烧结温度为500℃、烧结时间为1.5 h时,制备的g-C3N4在可见光区有较强吸收且具有较大的比表面积,以致其表现出最佳的光催化性能;PDS的存在对布洛芬的降解有促进作用,且加快了g-C3N4对布洛芬的光催化降解,相比于纯g-C3N4,4 h内布洛芬的降解率由63%提升为90.5%。以异丙醇、甲醇、对苯醌、草酸钠、重铬酸钾、甲醇分别为羟基自由基(·OH)、·OH和硫酸根自由基(SO4^-·)、超氧自由基(·O2-)、空穴(h+)、电子(e^-)的捕获剂。通过对反应过程的活性物种鉴定,·OH、SO4^-·、h+、e^-均参与了布洛芬的光催化降解,其中h+在反应中的贡献率达到了82.9%,在降解布洛芬过程中起主导作用;在反应体系中添加PDS后,催化剂g-C3N4的荧光强度变小,即加入PDS能够有效降低g-C3N4的光生空穴与电子的复合率,提高g-C3N4的光催化性能。     

Accident consequence calculation of ammonia dispersion in factory area

With the widespread use of ammonia in the process industry, more and more accidents were caused by ammonia leakage and dispersion. The dispersion of ammonia is determined by its physical properties, release source conditions and atmospheric environment. Full-scale numerical simulation based on CFD theory was carried out to study the dispersion law of ammonia in a food factory. It was found that ammonia concentrated on the symmetric plane and showed an upward movement near the source. Moreover, the effect of pressure on the dispersion of ammonia was explored showing that the concentration of ammonia near the source increased with the increase of pressure, while the dispersion of ammonia far from the source is mainly influenced by wind field. Last but not the least, the dangerous area completely covers the obstacle region according to the harmful concentration, but the lethal concentration range and explosion range both only existed near the release source. Correspondingly, the concentration of ammonia in the region far from the symmetric plane can be regarded as a safe area. When the accident happens, one should stay away from the release source and evacuate towards the sides in a timely manner. We hope that this work can provide an effective method in predicting the impact of ammonia dispersion and can arouse concerns over the public safety.     

长庆油田油气泄漏防治体系建设与应用

为防治油气泄漏事件,长庆油田以重点环境保护目标为对象,按照层级防护、标本兼治、数字预警、分级响应、就地控制的原则,建设油气泄漏防治体系,明确和落实油田公司、厂处、作业区、生产岗位四个层级的防治范围和职责,构建系统参数预警报警、阀门截断、基础防护三道防线,全面提升安全环保的防范能力和水平。保证事故状态下,能够在最短时间、最小范围内进行最有效的处置,实现重点环境保护目标的安全。     

阴离子对Fenton氧化降解聚乙烯醇的影响

研究了亚铁盐中NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Br-等阴离子对Fenton氧化降解高浓度聚乙烯醇(PVA)效果的影响。实验结果表明:酸性条件下具有氧化性的阴离子NO3-或能被氧化形成具有氧化性物质的离子Cl-、Br-对Fenton氧化降解PVA有协同促进作用,且氧化性越强越容易促使PVA大分子链断裂;含NO3-、Cl-、Br-和SO42-的Fenton氧化降解PVA,COD去除率分别为70.05%、70.60%、72.40%和87.90%。采用COD去除率相差不大、产物分子量较小的硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、溴化亚铁中的一种作为Fenton试剂催化降解PVA较适宜。     

超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲

以纳米TiO_2为催化剂,采用超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲,并考察了菲降解率的影响因素。实验结果表明:不同类型TiO_2对菲降解率的大小顺序为锐钛矿型TiO_2P25型TiO_2金红石型TiO_2;超声-紫外光协同催化体系对菲的降解率大于单独超声体系或紫外光催化体系,且均遵从一级反应动力学规律;在超声频率为60k Hz、声强为0.233 W/cm2、TiO_2投加量为0.06 g/L、pH为4.0、H_2O_2浓度为19.59 mmol/L的条件下降解75 min后,超声-紫外光协同催化体系对初始质量浓度为0.96 mg/L的菲的降解率可达76.78%。