含氯化工废水TOC和COD的相关性研究

COD和TOC均是表征水体有机污染程度的综合性指标,选取含氯有机化工废水和含氯有机无机混合化工废水2种废水,通过准确测定水样的COD与TOC数值,采用一元线性回归方程对所得数据进行拟合,判定高氯废水中COD与TOC的相关性,建立COD对TOC的转换方程.数据表明,样本水样的TOC与COD之间可以建立相应的线性回归方程,TOC与COD之间存在显著的相关性,证明采用TOC值对COD进行转换是可行的.定量关系验证结果表明,TOC对COD的转换系数是可以准确测定的,确定转换系数后,结果是可靠的.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定生物样品中的有机汞

建立了酸提取-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定生物样品中甲基汞、乙基汞、苯基汞等3种有机汞的分析方法。鱼肉和贝类样品经盐酸消解,苯萃取,硫代硫酸钠溶液反萃取后,采用醋酸铵/L-半胱氨酸缓冲盐及甲醇体系组成的流动相按一定比例进行梯度洗脱,经前处理的生物样品在液相色谱中经C18柱分离后,进入电感耦合等离子体质谱检测其甲基汞、乙基汞和苯基汞的浓度。3种有机汞化合物均在0.50~50.0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数(r)均大于0.9998。方法检出限为0.010~0.038mg/kg;3种有机汞样品加标的RSD均小于12.2%;两个水平的加标回收率在50.8~129%。     

有机化学品不同温度下(过冷)液体蒸气压预测模型的建立与评价

(过冷)液体蒸气压(PL)是评价化学品在环境中分配、迁移和归趋行为的重要参数。PL具有较强的温度依附性。发展一种能够精确预测不同环境温度下化学品PL的方法,有助于填补化学品生态风险评估的大量数据缺失。本研究收集整理了661种有机化合物在不同温度下(200~830 K)共计10 478个log PL值。在此基础上,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归和支持向量机(SVM)方法,构建了PL的线性和非线性预测模型。结果表明:2种模型均具有良好的拟合度、稳健性及预测能力,SVM模型的预测性能略高于PLS模型(PLS:R2adj.tra=0.912,RMSEtra=0.477,Q2ext=0.910;SVM:R2adj.tra=0.997,RMSEtra=0.092,Q2ext=0.967)。机理分析表明,温度是影响PL的主要因素,温度越高,蒸气压越大;其次,X1sol也影响PL大小,X1sol用来描述分子间的色散作用,分子间色散力越小,蒸气压越大;此外,化合物的氢键个数、极性和分子构型等因素也影响PL大小。采用Wiliams plot方法表征了PLS模型应用域。所建立的模型可用来预测烷烃、烯烃、醇、酮、羧酸、苯、酚、联苯、卤代芳香烃、含N化合物及含S化合物在不同温度下的PL数据。     

Flash point of biodiesel/glycerol/alcohol mixtures for safe processing and storage

Mixtures of biodiesel, glycerol, and ethanol/methanol are commonly processed and stored in biodiesel production. In this work, non-ideal models are used to calculate the Flash Points (FPs) of binary and ternary mixtures, using data available from different feedstocks. Despite the fact that biodiesel is considered safer than common diesel fuels, results show a synergistic effect of biodiesel/methanol and biodiesel/ethanol mixtures, resulting in a reduction of the flash point of mixtures to values lower than the ones of pure compounds. Most soluble ternary mixtures were found flammable, the only exception being mixtures with a relatively lower alcohol content (45% mol. ethanol or 42% methanol) at temperature lower than 303 K. Accidental increase in temperature can cause domino effect, due to the higher solubility and the formation of new flammable ternary mixtures.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时分析地下水中24种内分泌干扰物

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定地下水中9种雌激素、5种雄激素、3种肾上腺皮质激素、4种酚类和3种非甾类激素共24种内分泌干扰物的方法。在活化后的MCX固相萃取柱中加入水样,再加入pH=5的水溶液淋洗,随后用碱化乙腈(4.5%,体积分数)洗脱。收集洗脱液并用氮气吹至近干后,用甲醇定容。采用Poroshell 120 Bonus-RP色谱柱(2.7 μm,100 mm×2.1 mm),以0.1%氨水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,实现液相分离。质谱检测采用MRM模式进行采集,通过正负离子模式切换同时进行测定,使用内标法定量。检测结果显示,目标物在线性范围内,决定系数R²均大于0.995,方法检出限为0.05~2.00 ng/L,加标回收率为68.8%~108%。该方法灵敏度高、准确度好,具有较强的实用价值。     

应急修复耦合资源回收的实践-以一起化工企业突发环境事件为例

通过东莞市一起铜氨蚀刻液泄漏引致突发环境事件的应急处理过程,介绍了污染控制和应急修复技术的应用情况,通过将高浓含氨污水蒸发制取NH4Cl产品,以及将污水处理至优于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）之Ⅰ类水质要求,作为我国首例应急修复耦合资源回收制取化工产品的成功案例,为化工类企业突发环境事件的应急处理提供决策参考.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of trace atrazine herbicide in water

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for atrazine was synthesized by non-covalent method. The binding capacity of MIP was 1.00 mg g^{? 1} polymer. The selectivity and recovery were investigated with various pesticides which are mostly, found in the environment, for both similar and different chemical structure of atrazine. The competitive recognition between atrazine and structurally similar compounds was evaluated and it was found that the system provided highest recovery and selectivity for atrazine while low recovery and selectivity were obtained for the other compounds. The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP), a commercial C₁₈ and a granular activated carbon (GAC) sorbent. The method provided high recoveries ranged from 94 to 99% at two spiked levels with relative standard deviations less than 2%. The lower detection limit of the method was 80 ng L^{? 1}. This method was successfully applied for analysis of environmental water samples.     

Flame Propagation Across Gelled Alkane-In-Water Emulsions

Flame propagation rates were measured for flames spreading across surfaces of gel-like alkane-in-water emulsions. A long, slender, water-cooled trough was used to contain the mixtures. Abrupt changes in the flame propagation velocities - of nearly two orders of magnitude - were observed to occur near ‘critical’ concentrations of certain alkane/water mixtures. Four alkanes were used - pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane - and fuel rich emulsions (in which water was the continuous phase) were employed. The ability of the aqueous phase of the emulsion to inhibit the release of fuel into the vapor phase plays an important role in the observed behavior. That is, the rate at which fuel can diffuse through both the emulsion and the thin liquid layers that reside on it, is an essential kinetic aspect of the phenomena which determine the flame propagation rate across gelled alkane-in-water emulsions.     

实时合成水滑石分离模拟放射性核素锶的研究

采用实时合成水滑石的方法从高放废液中分离模拟放射性核素锶,通过单因素实验并借助XRD分析确定了最佳分离实验条件,同时,运用FTIR、SEM等技术手段对合成的含锶水滑石的结构、形貌进行了分析.结果表明,当Sr2+初始浓度为70mg.L-1、pH值为10.5、n(Mg+Sr)/n(Al)为3时,锶的去除率最高可达95%以上;XRD和SEM分析结果表明,锶嵌入了水滑石的晶格中,合成的含锶水滑石形貌为层状六边形;含锶水滑石煅烧产物主要为尖晶石,且煅烧产物中未见氧化锶,表明嵌入到水滑石晶格中的锶在煅烧后存在于尖晶石的晶体结构中.     

聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系对油水界面性质的影响

文章应用界面张力仪、Zeta电位仪和表面黏弹性仪测定了聚合物、表面活性剂及其二元复合体系的质量浓度对油水界面性质的影响,并应用透射电镜观察了采出液的液膜结构。结果表明,随着聚合物质量浓度的增加,油水界面的界面剪切黏度值和界面张力值增大,颗粒表面Zeta电位的绝对值增大;随着表面活性剂质量浓度的增加,油水界面的界面剪切黏度变化幅度很小,但界面张力显著减小,颗粒表面Zeta电位绝对值增大;聚合物与表面活性剂复合能够形成稳定的聚合体,具有较大的界面剪切黏度值,较小的界面张力和较高的Zeta电位值;体系中聚合物、表面活性剂及水中悬浮物形成了类似"晶体"结构。