Rough Set Rule Induction for Suitability Assessment

The data that characterize an environmental system are a fundamental part of an environmental decision-support system. However, obtaining complete and consistent data sets for regional studies can be difficult. Data sets are often available only for small study areas within the region, whereas the data themselves contain uncertainty because of system complexity, differences in methodology, or data collection errors. This paper presents rough-set rule induction as one way to deal with data uncertainty while creating predictive if–then rules that generalize data values to the entire region. The approach is illustrated by determining the crop suitability of 14 crops for the agricultural soils of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA. To implement this method, environmental and crop yield data were spatially related to individual soil units, forming the examples needed for the rule induction process. Next, four learning algorithms were defined by using different subsets of environmental attributes. ROSETTA, a software system for rough set analysis, was then used to generate rules using each algorithm. Cross-validation analysis showed that all crops had at least one algorithm with an accuracy rate greater than 68%. After selecting a preferred algorithm, the induced classifier was used to predict the crop suitability of each crop for the unclassified soils. The results suggest that rough set rule induction is a useful method for data generalization and suitability analysis.     

外源硫诱导下的Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.EPS特性及对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附

研究了3种外源硫(Na₂SO₄、Na₂SO₃和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O)对Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.(D.desulfuricans sp.)的胞外聚合物(EPS)的胁迫/诱导作用。结果表明,在还原性硫源0.50g/L Na₂SO₃的条件下,EPS产量最高,为2104.39mg/g VSS,蛋白质含量为1888.52mg/g VSS,较胁迫/诱导前均提高了300%以上;其对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能最好,为954.4mg/g EPS,提高了98.17%。三维荧光(3D-EEM)结果表明,胁迫/诱导后EPS中类酪氨酸均大量增加;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,胁迫后-OH、C=O、C-O-C等官能团均大量增加,在Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附中发挥了重要作用;X光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,在还原性硫源(Na₂SO₃和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O)胁迫/诱导后,EPS中C-O/C-N、C=N和某种含氧基团(X)大量增加,可能是吸附Zn(Ⅱ)的主要基团。     

列车运行监控装置主机的超高斯加速振动试验研究

目的解决LKJ主机的超高斯振动试验问题。方法基于LKJ主机的实测振动环境数据,提出一种超高斯振动数据归纳方法,并应用该方法归纳出LKJ主机x、y、z向的实测PSD,同时按5.66的加速因子构建出超高斯加速振动试验剖面,其中x、y、z向PSD的RMS分别为3.34、6.28、3.85 m/s^(2),峰度分别为6.48、6.58、6.81,频率范围均为2~350 Hz。最后,采用超高斯加速试验剖面分别对2个LKJ主机进行超高斯振动试验验证。结果试验共激发出7类故障模式,这与特定线路运行LKJ主机现场故障模式高度吻合。结论该试验方法验证了LKJ主机超高斯加速振动试验的有效性。     

Induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in mammals by pesticides: A review

Abstract

The induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in mammals is summarized including both enzymes of the cytochrome P‐450‐dependent microsomal mixed function oxidase system and glutathione S‐transferases. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of pesticides as inducers, the early work being summarized while investigations carried out at North Carolina State University are considered in greater detail. Finally, the possible significance of induction is considered.     

微波辅助光催化降解高浓度活性黑

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无极灯和TiO2催化剂研究了水中高浓度活性黑的光催化降解.系统考察了TiO2投加量、pH、微波无极灯数量对微波辅助光催化处理效果的影响,得出微波辅助光催化的最佳操作条件,并在最佳条件下对活性黑的脱色及矿化效果进行研究.结果表明,TiO2投加量存在最佳值2 g/L,降低pH和增加微波无极灯数量均可提高活性黑的降解率.在TiO2的投加量为2 g/L,pH =3,微波无极灯数量为3的最佳光催化条件下,400 mg/L的活性黑溶液反应180 min时可实现完全脱色,反应300 min时,TOC去除率高达89.1％.     

Performance of photocatalytic lamps on reduction of culturable airborne microorganism concentration

Reduction of viable airborne Staphylococcus epidermidis and Aspergillus niger spore concentrations using two types of photocatalytic fluorescent lamps under controlled environmental conditions (25 vs. 35 °C and 55 vs. 75% relative humidity) were investigated. Visible white-light and UVA black light were in-house spray-coated with TiO₂ and then compared with a commercially coated visible white-light for microbial concentration reduction. The white-light photocatalytic lamps reduced the concentration of culturable S. epidermidis up to 92% independent of temperature or humidity change, while the black light photocatalytic lamps completely inactivated the culturable bacteria at 25 °C, 55% relative humidity. Humidity seemed to alleviate UVA damage since better bacteria survival was found. For A. niger spores, rising humidity or temperature could lower their concentration or drop their culturabilities so that a difference between the natural decay and photocatalytic disinfection could not be distinguished. Reductions of total bacteria and total fungi concentrations using these lamps were also examined under uncontrolled environmental conditions in an office and a waste-storage room. It was found that photocatalytic lamps could reduce total culturable bacteria concentration from 9 to 97% and total culturable fungi concentration from 3 to 95% within irradiation time of 30-480 min, respectively. Insignificant difference in concentration reduction among these photocatalytic lamps was pronounced.     

利用SEM-EDS分析火场中白炽灯灯丝通电状态

该文模拟火灾现场中白炽灯破坏的不同情况,制备普通白炽灯在不同状态下破坏的灯丝残骸试样,利用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪分析灯丝残骸表面的微观形貌及其元素组成含量.研究发现,通电状态下被破坏的白炽灯灯丝表面与未通电破坏状态下灯丝表面的元素成分差异较大.经过高温或烟熏的作用,灯丝表面成分也有变化.鉴于不同破坏条件下灯丝表面成分及含量存在明显的差异,可以利用能谱分析的方法判断火场中白炽灯的通电状态.     

太阳模拟器大功率短弧氙灯放电特性试验测试

目的增强太阳模拟器氙灯驱动运行的可靠性,给太阳模拟器研制提供技术保障,针对太阳模拟器大功率短弧氙灯放电特性进行试验研究。方法设计太阳模拟器的大功率短弧氙灯放电特性测试方法,然后通过理论计算和实际测试验证氙灯电源初始电流对短弧氙灯放电特性的影响,并采用增设优化电路的方法对其放电特性进行改善。结果在初始电流为70 A和120 A两种情况下,弧光放电电流到达谷值以后的电流稳定度分别为1.8616和0.9867,增设优化电路后,再次进行短弧氙灯放电特性测量,将初始电流降低到60 A,而稳定度可达到0.5409。结论改善后的电路基本可实现短弧氙灯放电理想状态,完成了对短弧氙灯进入电流击穿阶段后形成的稳定弧光放电电流特性的优化,大大提升了氙灯点灯成功率,为增强太阳模拟器可靠性提供了试验支持。     

生活垃圾强制分类形势下的多源废荧光灯管回收管理机制建议

废荧光灯管的来源广泛，包括工业来源和社会来源，社会来源又包括居民来源，企业事业单位、公共场所等机构来源，具有多来源的特性。废荧光灯管中含有汞，若不经过妥善处理，会造成环境污染，对人的身体健康造成危害。随着国内生活垃圾分类的开展，废荧光灯管作为生活垃圾中有害垃圾的典型类别被强制分类，但仍存在很多问题。本文梳理了我国废荧光灯管的产生情况、LED灯替代情况，并对美国、欧盟、日本和我国国内典型城市的废荧光管理情况进行了总结。针对我国废荧光灯管的回收现状，从责任主体、责任划分、收集渠道、资金机制等角度提出了相关的管理建议，为推动我国废荧光灯管的管理提供借鉴。     

不同组合比例煤岩的电荷感应与微震规律试验研究

针对煤岩在屈服破坏过程中有微震和电荷信号产生这一特征,利用自行设计的微震和电荷感应信号监测试验系统,分析不同组合比例煤岩在变形破裂过程中微震和电荷信号的变化规律。研究结果表明:微震和电荷信号是低频信号,信号频谱集中分布在0~80 Hz,应力突变与微震信号和电荷信号的产生及变化有较好的一致性;随着“煤-岩”高度比的增加,试样的单轴抗压强度减小,试样屈服破裂时微震和电荷信号幅值增大,同步性增强,试件破坏的突发性增强;试件破坏过程中电荷比微震信号数更多,初次明显的电荷信号也早于初次明显的微震信号。