微囊藻毒素导致鲫鱼淋巴细胞凋亡的研究

采用离体细胞培养诱导方法,以鲫鱼(Garassiusauratus)为实验材料,研究了两种微囊藻毒素microcystinLR(MCLR)和microcystinRR(MCRR)在低浓度下(1nmol·L-1,5nmol·L-1和10nmol·L-1)对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的毒性效应.结果表明,鲫鱼淋巴细胞分别经两种微囊藻毒素体外诱导2h后,出现细胞核固缩的典型细胞凋亡形态学特征;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测到明显的细胞凋亡的生物化学特征梯状DNA(DNAladder);并且两种藻毒素诱导的细胞凋亡呈时间和剂量效应关系.该研究表明微囊藻毒素可导致鱼类淋巴细胞产生凋亡,因而可能影响鱼类免疫功能.     

Induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes after occupational exposure to ultrasound

Micronucleus assay combined with Giemsa and DAPI staining was performed on blood samples of subjects occupationally exposed to ultrasound. Lymphocytes were cultivated in vitro for 72 h. At 44h cytochalasin-B was added in cultures. Frequencies of micronuclei in exposed subjects statistically significant increased compared to control. The frequency of micronucleated cells and micronuclei in exposed subjects shows interindividual variability. Using DAPI staining we observed signal-positive and signal-negative micronuclei. Percentage of signal-positive micronuclei varies between 0 and 66.7% and signal-negative micronuclei between 33.3% and 100%. This study indicate harmful effects of ultrasound on human genome, but further investigations are necessary.     

Doramectin induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on bovine peripheral lymphocytes and cumulus cells in vitro

The effect of doramectin (DOR) was tested on two experimental somatic bovine cells in vitro: peripheral lymphocytes (PL) and cumulus cells (CC). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DOR were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay. Both cells were treated with three concentrations of DOR (20, 40, 60?ng?mL^–1) for 24?h. The results obtained from PL demonstrated that DOR was able to induce cytotoxic effect and DNA damage with all concentrations tested. Additionally, DOR increased micronuclei (MNi) frequency and nuclear buds (NBuds) with 20, 40, 60?ng?mL^–1, and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) only with 40?ng?mL^–1. On the other hand, the three concentrations of DOR were not able to induce cytotoxic effect and DNA damage using SCGE in the bovine CC. Nevertheless, the two higher concentrations of DOR (20, 40?µg mL^–1) significantly increased the frequency of micronucleus formation in bovine CC. These results represent the first experimental evidence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects exerted by DOR on bovine PL and CC.     

彗星试验检测地下水有机污染物的遗传毒性效应

应用人外周血淋巴细胞和小鼠淋巴细胞彗星试验,对长治市5个样点的地下水有机浓集物进行了遗传毒性研究。结果表明,各水样中有机浓集物在3个染毒剂量50,200,800 m L·管-1条件下均可对人外周血淋巴细胞和小鼠淋巴细胞DNA产生不同程度的遗传损伤,并且随着浓度的升高,DNA损伤程度明显增加,各实验组与溶剂对照组相比有P<0.05或P<0.01显著差异。研究表明,上述2种淋巴细胞彗星试验可有效地检测地下水体有机污染物的遗传毒性。     

Selective cellular and molecular effects of beryllium on lymphocytes†

An involvement of the immune system has been implicated in many of the whole animal effects of beryllium (Be) and its compounds and thus lymphocytes are a relevant cell model to study some of the cellular and molecular actions of the metal. Recent results indicate micromolar concentrations of Be salts are weakly mitogenic to lymphocytes in vitro probably as a result of direct interactions with the cell membranes. Furthermore evidence has been obtained that high affinity lymphocyte Be‐binding may be predictive of the potential to express delayed Be hypersensitivity in vivo. Although sub mitogenic concentrations of Be salts may actually activate accessory (macrophage type) cells, concentrations normally mitogenic to lymphocytes were found to inhibit their proliferative response to accessory cell dependent mitogens as a result of a Be²⁺ concentration dependent destruction of the adherent cell population. Higher concentrations of Be salts proved cytostatic to lymphocytes possibly by the established property of intracellularly accumulated Be²⁺ to inhibit cell division. Lymphocyte proliferation can be related to increases in protein phosphoryl‐ation capacity which in vitro can be inhibited by Be²⁺ and preliminary evidence indicates that tyrosine phosphorylation may be particularly sensitive.     

应用小鼠淋巴细胞彗星试验检测地下水遗传毒性

应用小鼠淋巴细胞彗星试验对长治市5个点位地下水水质作遗传毒性研究。结果表明,各水样有机浓集物均可对小鼠淋巴细胞DNA产生不同程度的遗传损伤,随着剂量的增加,Olive尾矩与阴性对照组(0.72±0.09)相比均有显著性差异(P0.05,P0.01)。在试验浓度范围内,以彗星尾部DNA含量、彗星尾长、尾矩和Olive尾矩所指示的DNA损伤程度随剂量增大而逐渐增加,存在显著的剂量-效应关系,其相关系数0.815。     

硫酸厂工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的研究

SO₂是硫酸厂、冶炼厂和火力发电厂等厂矿及其周围环境最常见的大气污染物之一。虽然有的研究者曾设想SO₂可能引起细胞染色体改变甚至诱发癌症,但有关SO₂引起细胞染色体损伤效应的研究甚少。近年来,Nordenson等曾报道,接触SO₂的工人其外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增高。目前多数学者认为染色体断裂后遗留下来的无着丝粒断片可在细胞分裂后期仍留在细胞质中而形成微核,加之微核测定又是比染色体畸变分析较为简单、快速的细胞遗传学方法,故国际致突物和致癌物防护委员会(ICPEMC)将此项技术列为致突致癌研究的必测项目之一。     

沙尘暴细颗粒物对人外周血淋巴细胞微核形成的影响

用胞质阻断微核试验法比较研究了内蒙古包头市和甘肃武威市沙尘暴和正常天气细颗粒物(PM2.5)及其无机与有机提取物对人外周血淋巴细胞微核形成的影响.结果表明本试验条件下,沙尘暴和正常天气PM2.5及其有机提取物均使淋巴细胞微核率(micronuclei frequency,MNF)显著增高,核分裂指数(nuclear division index,NDI)显著下降(p＜0.01),且存在剂量-效应关系,而无机提取物虽有剂量-效应关系,但各处理浓度之间及其与对照相比差异均不显著(p＞0.05);相同处理浓度下,除工业城市包头正常天气的PM2.5及其有机提取物处理的微核率显著高于沙尘(p＜0.01)外,沙尘暴和正常天气样品处理结果无显著差异(p＞0.05);城市之间相比,只有正常天气PM2.5及其有机提取物处理的微核率包头显著高于武威(p＜0.01),而沙尘暴PM2.5及其提取物的所有处理的微核率无城市间差异(p＞0.05).     

硫酸厂工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的研究

SO_2是硫酸厂、冶炼厂和火力发电厂等厂矿及其周围环境最常见的大气污染物之一。虽然有的研究者曾设想SO_2可能引起细胞染色体改变甚至诱发癌症,但有关SO_2引起细胞染色体损伤效应的研究甚少。近年来,Nordenson等曾报道,接触SO_2的工人其外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增高。目前多数学者认为染色体断裂后遗留下来的无着丝粒断片可在细胞分裂后期仍留在细胞质中而形成微核,加之微核测定又是比染色体畸变分析较为简单、快速的细胞遗传学方法,故国际致突物和致癌物防护委员会(ICPEMC)将此项技术列为致突致癌研究的必测项目之一。     

镉致鸡脾淋巴细胞凋亡及对p53mRNA表达的影响

应用吖啶橙/溴化乙锭荧光染色(AO/EB)法、DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳及半定量RT-PCR法检测了氯化镉在浓度0～30mol/L范围内对体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡及对p53mRNA表达的影响.结果表明,浓度为0～30mol/L的镉能引起鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡及干扰p53mRNA的表达,低浓度镉引起的细胞凋亡与p53mRNA的表达密切相关,而高浓度的镉能够导致鸡脾脏淋巴细胞坏死.