曝气强度对膜生物反应器污泥混合液可滤性的影响

主要研究了曝气强度对膜生物反应器(MBR)膜污染的影响.2套MBR采用恒流出水模式连续运行60 d,曝气强度分别为500及100 L/h,应用死端过滤装置来检测不同阶段污泥混合液的可滤性.实验中对不同曝气强度下的溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)分子质量分布、颗粒粒径分布、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量进行了测定.结果表明,过高的曝气强度将恶化污泥混合液的可滤性,增加了膜污染速率.进一步研究表明,曝气强度的增加导致了污泥混合液上清液中相对分子质量>10000的SMP浓度的增加,此部分大分子有机物浓度直接影响了污泥混合液的可滤性.过高的曝气强度也导致了污泥絮体中1～10μm细小颗粒和EPS含量的增加.     

天然水体基于分子生物学的微生物生态学研究

我国天然水体富营养化严重,水体生态系统已失去平衡。作为水生态系统中分解者的微生物,对于水体自净和修复发挥着极其重要的作用,因而了解微生物群落的组成和其动态变化、以及与水环境之间的相互关系对开展水环境生物修复研究是非常必要的。随着生物技术的发展,分子生物学技术被广泛应用于微生物生态学研究。文章主要介绍了分子生物学技术在天然水体微生物生态学中的应用以及天然水体中环境因子与微生物群落的关系。DGGE和TRFLP技术由于具有操作方便、可同时处理大量样品、系统性和有效性强等优点,因而被较多地应用于天然水体中微生物群落结构研究。微生物群落结构及其变化与许多因素有关,包括温度、光照、DO、pH、氮、磷、有机物等,对于不同种类的微生物,各因素的影响效果也有所不同。     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...     

Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water by molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent

A molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process.The 2,4-D-imprinted amino-functionalized silica sorbent was characterized by FT-IR,nitrogen adsorption and static adsorption experiments.The selectivity of the sorbent was investigated by a batch competitive binding experiment using an aqueous 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) mixture or using an aqueous 2...     

Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon

A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.     

沸石床多级生物膜焦化废水处理系统的NH_~4+-N去除稳定性研究

焦化废水处理中预处理蒸氨工艺不稳定容易引起生物处理出水NH+4-N的波动,为了在有机物去除的同时提高生物系统对NH+4-N的去除效果和稳定性,采用对NH+4-N有良好吸附性能的天然斜发沸石为生物填料构建沸石床多级生物膜系统,考察了进水负荷对系统运行稳定性的影响、抗冲击负荷能力以及系统的功能分区和污染物迁移转化规律.结果表明,当系统进水NH+4-N负荷≤0.21 kg/(m3·d)、COD负荷≤1.35 kg/(m3·d)时,出水NH+4-N和COD的平均浓度分别为(2.2±1.2)mg/L和(228±60)mg/L,平均去除率分别达(99.1±0.5)%和(86.0±2.6)%.在低、高两次NH+4-N冲击负荷[0.03 kg/(m3·d)和0.06 kg/(m3·d)]条件下,系统对NH+4-N的平均去除率仍然分别高达99.0%和92.9%,高于对比系统的96.8%和89.3%,表现出良好的抗NH+4-N冲击负荷性能与处理稳定性.系统好氧单元反应器沿程出现脱碳/硝化功能区(C/N区)和硝化功能区(N区),其中N区的NH+4-N 降解速率为C/N区的2～8倍.系统进水中相对分子质量＜1×103、 1×103～1×104、＞1×104的TOC浓度分别为227.6、104.8和35.0 mg/L,处理出水中的TOC浓度分别为31.2、 22.9和31.5 mg/L,其中相对分子质量＜1×103和1×103～1×104这2个范围的有机物降解良好,出水残余物质主要为相对分子质量＞1×103的有机物.     

电化学发光、分子印迹技术及其结合技术分析

电化学发光是一种不需要外加激发光源,而且背景信号低,线性范围宽,不需要昂贵设备的方法.分子印迹却是一种具有高度识别性和选择性的新技术.通过结合两者,可制备出具有选择性好、灵敏度高、检测限低、易于操作等特点的分子印迹-电化学发光传感器.近年来,在有毒有害物质、残留农药、药物质量检测以及生物传感器制备等多领域具有广泛的应用.本综述简要介绍电化学发光、分子印迹技术以及分子印迹-电化学发光传感器的应用概况,为今后的检测技术提供了一种新方法.     

Thiolated arsenicals in arsenic metabolism: Occurrence, formation, and biological implications

Arsenic (As) is a notoriously toxic pollutant of health concern worldwide with potential risk of cancer induction, but meanwhile it is used as medicines for the treatment of different conditions including hematological cancers. Arsenic can undergo extensive metabolism in biological systems, and both toxicological and therapeutic effects of arsenic compounds are closely related to their metabolism. Recent studies have identified methylated thioarsenicals as a new class of arsenic metabolites in biological systems after exposure of inorganic and organic arsenicals, including arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAIIIGS), and arsenosugars. The increasing detection of thiolated arsenicals, including monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTAV), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and its glutathione conjugate (DMMTAVGS), and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV) suggests that thioarsenicals may be important metabolites and play important roles in arsenic toxicity and therapeutic effects. Here we summarized the reported occurrence of thioarsenicals in biological systems, the possible formation pathways of thioarsenicals, and their toxicity, and discussed the biological implications of thioarsenicals on arsenic metabolism, toxicity, and therapeutic effects.     

不同SAPO分子筛负载MnOx催化剂的低温NH3-SCR性能研究

以磷酸硅铝分子筛SAPO-5、SAPO~(-1)1和SAPO-34为载体,采用乙醇分散法制备了用于低温氨选择性还原(NH_3-SCR)NO_x的分子筛负载MnO_x催化剂.活性测试结果显示,3种分子筛催化剂均展现出优良的NH_3-SCR活性,但三者在低温区间的SCR活性存在较明显差异,其SCR活性顺序如下:MnO_x/SAPO-34MnO_x/SAPO-5MnO_x/SAPO~(-1)1.借助XRD、N2吸附-脱附、XPS、H2-TPR、NH_3-TPD、NH_3FT-IR等技术对催化剂的表面活性物种及表面酸性等进行表征分析,结果表明,MnO_x主要以无定型状态分散于载体上,负载后载体的比表面积和孔体积均有所下降.XPS和H2-TPR分析证实,不同分子筛载体上MnO_x的表面浓度与氧化态明显不同.NH_3-TPD和NH_3FT-IR分析揭示了催化剂表面均存在Bronsted酸位和Lewis酸位,其中,Lewis酸性位对低温SCR反应起着关键作用.研究表明,催化剂的催化性能会因载体不同而存在差异,高Mn4+表面浓度和丰富的Lewis酸性位对催化剂在低温区间实现优良的催化活性尤为重要.     

吉非罗齐在热活化过硫酸盐体系中的降解机制研究

以降血脂药物吉非罗齐(GEM)为目标污染物,研究其在热活化过硫酸盐体系中的降解机制.结果表明,GEM的降解过程符合准一级反应动力学规律,增加过硫酸盐初始浓度或升高反应溶液温度都可以显著提高GEM的降解速率常数(kobs),其反应的表观活化能Ea为133.14k J·mol~(-1).酸性和中性条件下GEM的降解效果要好于碱性条件.自然水体中的腐植酸(HA)和HCO_3~-对GEM的降解有明显的抑制作用.自由基清除实验表明,在酸性和中性条件下,SO_4~(·-)对GEM的降解起主导作用,而在碱性条件下,HO·成为体系主要的氧化物种.利用HPLC-MS/MS技术共检测到11种中间产物,推测GEM的降解路径涉及苯环的羟基化和醛基化反应、苯环侧链的环化作用和脱羧反应以及醚支链的断裂.